Starks Tyrel J, Castro Michael A, Castiblanco Juan P, Millar Brett M
Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training, 142 West 36th Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY, 10018, USA.
Arch Sex Behav. 2017 May;46(4):1089-1099. doi: 10.1007/s10508-016-0851-y. Epub 2016 Oct 17.
The existing literature has identified that beliefs about the interpersonal meaning of condom use are a significant predictor of condomless anal sex (CAS). Some have suggested that condom use in this context may function as a form of nonverbal communication. This study utilized attachment theory as a framework and tested a hypothesized model linking adult attachment to CAS through communication skills and condom expectancies. An online survey was completed by 122 single, HIV-negative gay and bisexual (GB) men living in the U.S. They completed measures of adult attachment (anxious and avoidant), condom expectancies regarding intimacy and pleasure interference, communication skills, self-assessed mate value, and recent CAS with casual partners. There was a significant, positive bivariate association between anxious attachment and receptive CAS. In path model analyses, two over-arching pathways emerged. In the other-oriented pathway, anxious attachment, self-perceived mate value, and emotional communication predicted the belief that condoms interfere with intimacy. In turn, intimacy interference expectancies were positively associated with the odds of receptive CAS. In the self-oriented pathway, assertive communication skills mediated a link between avoidant attachment and the belief that condoms interfere with sexual pleasure. Pleasure interference expectancies were positively associated with the odds of insertive CAS. The findings highlight the importance of relational or interpersonal concerns in sexual risk-taking among single GB men. Attachment theory may serve as a framework for organizing these interpersonal correlates of CAS. Results are consistent with the conceptualization of condom use as a form of nonverbal attachment-related behavior. Implications for sexual health and risk-reduction interventions are explored in this context.
现有文献表明，对使用避孕套的人际意义的信念是无保护肛交（CAS）的一个重要预测因素。一些人认为，在这种情况下使用避孕套可能起到一种非语言交流的作用。本研究以依恋理论为框架，测试了一个假设模型，该模型通过沟通技巧和避孕套预期将成人依恋与CAS联系起来。122名居住在美国的单身、HIV阴性的男同性恋者和双性恋者（GB）完成了一项在线调查。他们完成了成人依恋（焦虑和回避）、关于亲密关系和愉悦干扰的避孕套预期、沟通技巧、自我评估的伴侣价值以及最近与偶然伴侣发生的CAS的测量。焦虑依恋与接受性CAS之间存在显著的正相关双变量关系。在路径模型分析中，出现了两条总体路径。在他人导向路径中，焦虑依恋、自我感知的伴侣价值和情感沟通预测了避孕套会干扰亲密关系的信念。反过来，亲密关系干扰预期与接受性CAS的几率呈正相关。在自我导向路径中，自信的沟通技巧介导了回避依恋与避孕套会干扰性愉悦的信念之间的联系。愉悦干扰预期与插入性CAS的几率呈正相关。研究结果强调了关系或人际因素在单身GB男性性冒险行为中的重要性。依恋理论可以作为一个框架来组织这些与CAS相关的人际因素。研究结果与将使用避孕套概念化为一种与非语言依恋相关行为的观点一致。在此背景下探讨了对性健康和风险降低干预措施的影响。
