Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY).
Health Psychology and Clinical Sciences Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY).
J Sex Res. 2019 Nov-Dec;56(9):1192-1202. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1644486. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
Transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV and experience high rates of depression and anxiety. The importance of secure attachment in buffering against negative sexual and mental health outcomes is well established. However, few studies have examined attachment among transgender women. We recruited a community-based convenience sample of 213 transgender women in New York City (34.3; = 11.7). The majority were women of color (75.6%), almost half identified as heterosexual (47.4%), and 34.7% were HIV-positive. Preliminary analyses examined the sample distribution across attachment categories using the Revised Experiences in Close Relationships scale. Specifically, Brennan, Clark and Shaver's guidelines were used for categorization (43.19% fearful, 22.5% preoccupied, 21.6% dismissive, and 12.7% secure). Regression analyses examined the association of dimensional attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and their interaction with depression, anxiety, self-efficacy for condom use, temptations for condomless sex, and condomless sex acts. Results indicated a positive association between attachment anxiety and depression, anxiety, temptations and probability for condomless sex; and also between attachment avoidance and condomless sex probability. A significant interaction indicated that individuals with low attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance (i.e., secure) had the greatest condom use self-efficacy and the lowest probability of engaging in condomless sex.
跨性别女性受到 HIV 的影响不成比例，并且抑郁和焦虑的比例很高。安全依恋在缓冲负面的性和心理健康结果方面的重要性已经得到充分证明。然而，很少有研究检查跨性别女性的依恋。我们在纽约市招募了一个基于社区的便利样本的 213 名跨性别女性（34.3； = 11.7）。大多数是有色人种（75.6%），近一半的人认为自己是异性恋（47.4%），34.7%的人 HIV 呈阳性。初步分析使用修订后的亲密关系经历量表检查了依恋类别中的样本分布。具体来说，布伦南、克拉克和沙弗的准则用于分类（43.19%恐惧型、22.5%痴迷型、21.6%回避型和 12.7%安全型）。回归分析检验了维度依恋焦虑、依恋回避及其与抑郁、焦虑、避孕套使用自我效能、无保护性行为诱惑和无保护性行为之间的关系。结果表明，依恋焦虑与抑郁、焦虑、诱惑和无保护性行为的可能性呈正相关；依恋回避与无保护性行为的可能性也呈正相关。一个显著的相互作用表明，低依恋焦虑和依恋回避（即安全）的个体具有最大的避孕套使用自我效能和最低的无保护性行为可能性。
