Gupta Tina, Silverstein Steven M, Bernard Jessica A, Keane Brian P, Papathomas Thomas V, Pelletier-Baldelli Andrea, Dean Derek J, Newberry Raeana E, Ristanovic Ivanka, Mittal Vijay A
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States.
University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, United States.
Neuroimage Clin. 2016 Oct 2;12:681-690. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.022. eCollection 2016.
Patients with psychosis exhibit a reduced susceptibility to depth inversion illusions (DII) in which a physically concave surface is perceived as convex (e.g., the hollow mask illusion). Here, we examined the extent to which lessened susceptibility to DII characterized youth at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. In this study, 44 UHR participants and 29 healthy controls judged the apparent convexity of face-like human masks, two of which were concave and the other convex. One of the concave masks was painted with realistic texture to enhance the illusion; the other was shown without such texture. Networks involved with top-down and bottom-up processing were evaluated with resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI). We examined regions associated with the fronto-parietal network and the visual system and their relations with susceptibility to DII. Consistent with prior studies, the UHR group was less susceptible to DII (i.e., they were characterized by more veridical perception of the stimuli) than the healthy control group. Veridical responses were related to weaker connectivity within the fronto-parietal network, and this relationship was stronger in the UHR group, suggesting possible abnormalities of top-down modulation of sensory signals. This could serve as a vulnerability marker and a further clue to the pathogenesis of psychosis.
患有精神病的患者对深度反转错觉（DII）的易感性降低，在这种错觉中，物理上的凹面被感知为凸面（例如，空心面具错觉）。在此，我们研究了对DII易感性降低在超高风险（UHR）精神病青年中的表现程度。在本研究中，44名UHR参与者和29名健康对照者对人脸面具的表面凹凸进行判断，其中两个面具是凹面的，另一个是凸面的。其中一个凹面面具绘制了逼真的纹理以增强错觉效果；另一个则没有这种纹理。通过静息态功能连接磁共振成像（fcMRI）评估参与自上而下和自下而上处理的神经网络。我们研究了与额顶叶网络和视觉系统相关的区域及其与DII易感性的关系。与先前的研究一致，UHR组比健康对照组对DII的易感性更低（即，他们对刺激的感知更符合实际情况）。符合实际情况的反应与额顶叶网络内较弱的连接性相关，并且这种关系在UHR组中更强，这表明感觉信号的自上而下调节可能存在异常。这可能是一种易感性标志物，也是精神病发病机制的进一步线索。
