Sixdorf U, Märker-Hermann E
Klinik Innere Medizin IV (Rheumatologie, klinische Immunologie und Nephrologie), HELIOS Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik Wiesbaden, Ludwig Erhard Str. 100, 65199, Wiesbaden, Deutschland.
Z Rheumatol. 2016 Nov;75(9):878-884. doi: 10.1007/s00393-016-0213-0.
Viral arthritis and vasculitis are important differential diagnoses primarily in patients with acute polyarticular arthritis in association with fever and rash, in populations specially at risk and in returning travellers. Parvovirus B19 is the most frequent cause of viral arthritis in Europe, whereas rubella, hepatitis B and C viruses have become less common. Due to worldwide tourism arthritogenic alphaviruses, which are transmitted by mosquito vectors have come into the focus of tropical medicine and rheumatology. Viral arthritis is typically self-limiting but due to severe pain often requires symptomatic therapy with nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs; however, arthritis and vasculitis may also be a manifestation of an important treatable viral infection, such as hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV).
病毒感染性关节炎和血管炎是重要的鉴别诊断疾病，主要见于伴有发热和皮疹的急性多关节关节炎患者、特定高危人群以及归国旅行者。细小病毒B19是欧洲病毒性关节炎最常见的病因，而风疹、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒所致者已较少见。由于全球旅游业的发展，通过蚊媒传播的致关节炎甲病毒已成为热带医学和风湿病学关注的焦点。病毒性关节炎通常为自限性，但由于疼痛剧烈，常需使用非甾体类抗风湿药物进行对症治疗；然而，关节炎和血管炎也可能是重要的可治疗性病毒感染的表现，如乙型、丙型肝炎病毒及人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染。
