Chaudhry Mamoona, Ahmad Maqbool, Rashid Hamad Bin, Sultan Bakhat, Chaudhry Haroon Rashid, Riaz Aayesha, Shaheen Muhammad Shabir
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2017 Jan;49(1):213-220. doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1159-6. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
A prospective study was conducted from November 2013 to February 2014 to estimate the spatial clustering; cumulative incidence and risk factors associated with avian influenza (AI) subtype H9 infection on commercial poultry farms of Pakistan. A total of 400 farms were enrolled and followed during the study period. Among these, 109 farms submitted samples suspected for AI to the laboratory, and only 47 farms were confirmed positive by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) test. Data was collected from these 109 farms about their demography, management, and biosecurity practices. The cumulative incidence of H9N2 was 11.75 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 8.76-15.23). The highest number of cases (40.42 %) was reported in January. One most likely cluster (p = 0.009, radius = 4.61 km) occurred in the Kasur district. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the presence of wild birds on the farms (odds ratio (OR) = 16.18; 95 % CI 3.94-66.45) was independently associated with H9N2 infection. Cleaning of cages before delivery on farm (OR = 0.16; 95 % CI = 0.06-0.47), presence of a footbath at the entrance of farm (OR = 0.24; 95 % CI 0.08-0.79), and changing of gloves (OR = 0.33; 95 % CI 0.11-0.99) were protective factors against H9N2 infection. Reducing the exposure to risk factors and adapting biosecurity measures may reduce the risk of AI H9N2 infection on commercial poultry farms in Pakistan.
2013年11月至2014年2月开展了一项前瞻性研究，以评估巴基斯坦商业家禽养殖场禽流感（AI）H9亚型感染的空间聚集性、累积发病率及相关风险因素。研究期间共纳入并跟踪了400个养殖场。其中，109个养殖场向实验室提交了疑似禽流感的样本，只有47个养殖场经血凝抑制（HI）试验确认为阳性。从这109个养殖场收集了有关其人口统计学、管理及生物安全措施的数据。H9N2的累积发病率为11.75%（95%置信区间（CI）8.76 - 15.23）。1月份报告的病例数最多（40.42%）。一个最有可能的聚集区（p = 0.009，半径 = 4.61千米）出现在卡苏尔区。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，养殖场存在野生鸟类（比值比（OR）= 16.18；95% CI 3.94 - 66.45）与H9N2感染独立相关。在农场交付前清洁笼子（OR = 0.16；95% CI = 0.06 - 0.47）、在农场入口处设置脚浴（OR = 0.24；95% CI 0.08 - 0.79）以及更换手套（OR = 0.33；95% CI 0.11 - 0.99）是预防H9N2感染的保护因素。减少暴露于风险因素并采取生物安全措施可能会降低巴基斯坦商业家禽养殖场感染AI H9N2的风险。
