Rich Patrick R, Van Loon Mariëtte H, Dunlosky John, Zaragoza Maria S
Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University.
Department of Psychology, University of Bern.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Mar;43(3):492-501. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000322. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
When correcting a common misconception, it seems likely that for corrective feedback to be effective, it needs to be believed. In 2 experiments, we assessed how participants' belief in the validity of corrective feedback regarding individual misconceptions influenced knowledge revision. After responding about the validity of a set of misconceptions, participants received either a refutation alone (feedback that they were correct or incorrect) or a refutation accompanied by a supporting explanation, and then rated their belief in the corrective feedback. One week later, participants once again responded about the validity of the misconceptions. Across both experiments, participants corrected their misconceptions more often when they believed the corrective feedback. In addition, participants corrected their misconceptions more often when they had earlier received a refutation with a supporting explanation than when they had received the refutation only. This benefit of supportive explanations on knowledge revision was mediated by belief in the feedback, suggesting that explanations enhance the effectiveness of a correction by increasing belief in the feedback. These findings imply that successful correction of common misconceptions is likely enhanced by techniques that increase people's belief in the validity of the corrective feedback. (PsycINFO Database Record
在纠正一个常见的误解时，似乎为了使纠正性反馈有效，它需要被相信。在两项实验中，我们评估了参与者对关于个体误解的纠正性反馈有效性的信念如何影响知识修正。在对一组误解的有效性做出回应后，参与者要么只收到一个反驳（表明他们正确或错误的反馈），要么收到一个伴有支持性解释的反驳，然后对他们对纠正性反馈的信念进行评分。一周后，参与者再次对误解的有效性做出回应。在两项实验中，当参与者相信纠正性反馈时，他们更频繁地纠正自己的误解。此外，与只收到反驳相比，当参与者早些时候收到伴有支持性解释的反驳时，他们更频繁地纠正自己的误解。支持性解释对知识修正的这种益处是由对反馈的信念介导的，这表明解释通过增加对反馈的信念来提高纠正的有效性。这些发现意味着，通过增加人们对纠正性反馈有效性信念的技术，可能会增强对常见误解的成功纠正。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
