Department of Psychology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Memory. 2022 Feb;30(2):172-189. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1999981. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
Although ample younger adult research has detailed effective strategies for revising misconceptions, research with older adults is less extensive. Older adults may be less able to correct errors in knowledge due to age-related changes in cognition, but it is also possible that older adults' revision of misconceptions has been limited by methodologies which do not provide adequate support for correction. In two experiments, we examined how older and younger adults revise health-related misconceptions when provided with cognitive support in the form of explicit detailed feedback and an immediate test. Older and younger adults in Experiment 1 answered true/false health statements, received feedback with a detailed explanation of the correct response, took an additional test on the same statements immediately following the initial test, and completed a final test 1-week later. Older and younger adults corrected a similar proportion of misconceptions immediately and maintained most of those revisions across a 1-week delay. In Experiment 2, older adults corrected the same proportion of misconceptions on the final test regardless of whether or not they received a test immediately following feedback. Overall, older adults revised health misconceptions as effectively as did younger adults but variables influencing correction (e.g., belief in feedback) may differ.
虽然大量针对年轻成年人的研究详细介绍了纠正错误观念的有效策略，但针对老年人的研究则不那么广泛。由于认知能力随年龄的变化，老年人可能不太能够纠正知识上的错误，但也有可能是老年人对错误观念的修正受到了限制，因为这些方法没有为纠正错误提供足够的支持。在两项实验中，我们研究了在提供认知支持（即明确详细的反馈和即时测试）的情况下，老年人和年轻人如何修正与健康相关的错误观念。在实验 1 中，老年人和年轻人回答了是/否的健康陈述，收到了带有正确答案详细解释的反馈，在初始测试后立即对相同的陈述进行了额外的测试，并在一周后完成了最终测试。老年人和年轻人在立即和一周后的最终测试中都纠正了相似比例的错误观念。在实验 2 中，无论是否在收到反馈后立即进行测试，老年人在最终测试中都纠正了相同比例的错误观念。总的来说，老年人纠正健康错误观念的效果与年轻人一样，但影响纠正的变量（例如，对反馈的信任）可能不同。
