Gislason Maya K, Andersen Holly K
Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Philosophy Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Healthcare (Basel). 2016 Oct 18;4(4):78. doi: 10.3390/healthcare4040078.
We consider the case of intensive resource extractive projects in the Blueberry River First Nations in Northern British Columbia, Canada, as a case study. Drawing on the parallels between concepts of cumulative environmental and cumulative health impacts, we highlight three axes along which to gauge the effects of intensive extraction projects. These are environmental, health, and social justice axes. Using an intersectional analysis highlights the way in which using individual indicators to measure impact, rather than considering cumulative effects, hides the full extent by which the affected First Nations communities are impacted by intensive extraction projects. We use the case study to contemplate several mechanisms at the intersection of these axes whereby the negative effects of each not only add but also amplify through their interactions. For example, direct impact along the environmental axis indirectly amplifies other health and social justice impacts separately from the direct impacts on those axes. We conclude there is significant work still to be done to use cumulative indicators to study the impacts of extractive industry projects-like liquefied natural gas-on peoples, environments, and health.
我们将加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省北部蓝莓河第一民族的密集资源开采项目案例作为研究对象。借鉴累积环境影响和累积健康影响概念之间的相似之处，我们强调了衡量密集开采项目影响的三个维度。这些维度是环境、健康和社会正义维度。采用交叉性分析突出了这样一种方式，即使用个别指标来衡量影响，而非考虑累积效应，掩盖了受影响的第一民族社区受密集开采项目影响的全部程度。我们利用该案例研究来思考这些维度交叉点上的几种机制，通过这些机制，每个维度的负面影响不仅会叠加，还会通过它们之间的相互作用而放大。例如，环境维度上的直接影响会分别间接地放大其他健康和社会正义影响，而不是对这些维度的直接影响。我们得出结论，在使用累积指标来研究像液化天然气这样的采掘业项目对人类、环境和健康的影响方面，仍有大量工作要做。
