Rizo-Roca D, Ríos-Kristjánsson J G, Núñez-Espinosa C, Santos-Alves E, Gonçalves I O, Magalhães J, Ascensão A, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torrella J R
Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Mar 1;122(3):580-592. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00501.2016. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
Unaccustomed eccentric exercise leads to muscle morphological and functional alterations, including microvasculature damage, the repair of which is modulated by hypoxia. We present the effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and exercise on recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD). Soleus muscles from trained rats were excised before (CTRL) and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after a double session of EEIMD protocol. A recovery treatment consisting of one of the following protocols was applied 1 day after the EEIMD: passive normobaric recovery (PNR), a 4-h daily exposure to passive hypobaric hypoxia at 4,000 m (PHR), or hypobaric hypoxia exposure followed by aerobic exercise (AHR). EEIMD produced an increase in the percentage of abnormal fibers compared with CTRL, and it affected the microvasculature by decreasing capillary density (CD, capillaries per mm) and the capillary-to-fiber ratio (CF). After 14 days, AHR exhibited CD and CF values similar to those of CTRL animals (789 and 3.30 vs. 746 and 3.06) and significantly higher than PNR (575 and 2.62) and PHR (630 and 2.92). Furthermore, VEGF expression showed a significant 43% increase in AHR when compared with PNR. Moreover, after 14 days, the muscle fibers in AHR had a more oxidative phenotype than the other groups, with significantly smaller cross-sectional areas (AHR, 3,745; PNR, 4,502; and PHR, 4,790 µm), higher citrate synthase activity (AHR, 14.8; PNR, 13.1; and PHR, 12 µmol·min·mg) and a significant 27% increment in PGC-1α levels compared with PNR. Our data show that hypoxia combined with exercise attenuates or reverses the morphofunctional alterations induced by EEIMD. Our study provides new insights into the use of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with exercise as a strategy to recover muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise. We analyzed the effects of hypobaric exposure combined with aerobic exercise on histopathological features of muscle damage, fiber morphofunctionality, capillarization, angiogenesis, and the oxidative capacity of damaged soleus muscle. Most of these parameters were improved after a 2-wk protocol of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with aerobic exercise.
不习惯的离心运动导致肌肉形态和功能改变，包括微血管损伤，其修复受缺氧调节。我们展示了间歇性低压缺氧和运动对离心运动诱导的肌肉损伤（EEIMD）恢复的影响。在EEIMD方案的两个阶段之前（CTRL）以及之后的1、3、7和14天，切除训练有素大鼠的比目鱼肌。在EEIMD后1天应用由以下方案之一组成的恢复治疗：常压被动恢复（PNR）、每天在4000米处进行4小时的被动低压缺氧暴露（PHR）或低压缺氧暴露后进行有氧运动（AHR）。与CTRL相比，EEIMD导致异常纤维百分比增加，并且通过降低毛细血管密度（CD，每毫米毛细血管数）和毛细血管与纤维比率（CF）影响微血管。14天后，AHR的CD和CF值与CTRL动物相似（分别为789和3.30，而CTRL为746和3.06），并且显著高于PNR（575和2.62）和PHR（630和2.92）。此外，与PNR相比，AHR中的VEGF表达显著增加43%。此外，14天后，AHR中的肌纤维比其他组具有更氧化的表型，横截面积显著更小（AHR为3745；PNR为4502；PHR为4790 µm），柠檬酸合酶活性更高（AHR为14.8；PNR为13.1；PHR为12 µmol·min·mg），并且与PNR相比，PGC-1α水平显著增加27%。我们的数据表明，缺氧与运动相结合可减轻或逆转EEIMD诱导的形态功能改变。我们的研究为使用间歇性低压缺氧与运动相结合作为恢复离心运动诱导的肌肉损伤的策略提供了新的见解。我们分析了低压暴露与有氧运动相结合对受损比目鱼肌的组织病理学特征、纤维形态功能、毛细血管化、血管生成和氧化能力的影响。在间歇性低压缺氧与有氧运动的2周方案后，这些参数中的大多数得到改善。
