Lal Aparna, Dobbins Timothy, Bagheri Nasser, Baker Michael G, French Nigel P, Hales Simon
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Building 62, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Department of Health Service Research and Policy, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, 63 Eggleston Rd, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
Ecohealth. 2016 Dec;13(4):652-660. doi: 10.1007/s10393-016-1187-8. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
The public health risks associated with dairy farming intensification are an emerging concern. We examine the association between dairy cattle density and cryptosporidiosis risk in children <5 years old in New Zealand from 1997 to 2008, a period of rapid intensification of the dairy industry. Multi-level Poisson regression was used to model reported cryptosporidiosis (N = 3869 cases) incidence in relation to dairy cattle densities across urban and rural areas separately, after controlling for microbiological quality of public drinking water supplies and neighbourhood socio-economic factors using the Census Area Unit of residence. Within urban areas, the risk of cryptosporidiosis in children less than 5 years old was significantly, positively associated with medium and high dairy cattle density IRR 1.3 (95% CI 1.2, 1.5) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.2, 1.9) respectively, when compared to areas with no dairy cattle. Within rural areas, the incidence risk of cryptosporidiosis in children less than 5 years old were significantly, positively associated with medium and high dairy cattle density: IRR 1.7 (95% CI 1.3, 2.3) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.5, 2.8) respectively, when compared to areas with no dairy cattle. These results have public health implications for children living on and in proximity to intensively stocked dairy cattle farms.
与奶牛养殖集约化相关的公共卫生风险是一个新出现的问题。我们研究了1997年至2008年新西兰5岁以下儿童隐孢子虫病风险与奶牛密度之间的关联，这一时期是乳业快速集约化的阶段。在使用居住普查区单位控制公共饮用水供应的微生物质量和邻里社会经济因素后，采用多水平泊松回归分别对城乡地区报告的隐孢子虫病（N = 3869例）发病率与奶牛密度的关系进行建模。在城市地区，与无奶牛的地区相比，5岁以下儿童患隐孢子虫病的风险与中高奶牛密度显著正相关，发病率比分别为1.3（95%可信区间1.2, 1.5）和1.5（95%可信区间1.2, 1.9）。在农村地区，与无奶牛的地区相比，5岁以下儿童隐孢子虫病的发病风险与中高奶牛密度显著正相关：发病率比分别为1.7（95%可信区间1.3, 2.3）和2.0（95%可信区间1.5, 2.8）。这些结果对生活在密集饲养奶牛场及其附近的儿童具有公共卫生意义。
