Littlefair Joanne E, Clare Elizabeth L
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London. Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK.
Genome. 2016 Nov;59(11):946-958. doi: 10.1139/gen-2016-0028. Epub 2016 Sep 2.
Society faces the complex challenge of supporting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, while ensuring food security by providing safe traceable food through an ever-more-complex global food chain. The increase in human mobility brings the added threat of pests, parasites, and invaders that further complicate our agro-industrial efforts. DNA barcoding technologies allow researchers to identify both individual species, and, when combined with universal primers and high-throughput sequencing techniques, the diversity within mixed samples (metabarcoding). These tools are already being employed to detect market substitutions, trace pests through the forensic evaluation of trace "environmental DNA", and to track parasitic infections in livestock. The potential of DNA barcoding to contribute to increased security of the food chain is clear, but challenges remain in regulation and the need for validation of experimental analysis. Here, we present an overview of the current uses and challenges of applied DNA barcoding in agriculture, from agro-ecosystems within farmland to the kitchen table.
社会面临着支持生物多样性和生态系统功能的复杂挑战，同时要通过日益复杂的全球食物链提供安全可追溯的食物来确保粮食安全。人类流动性的增加带来了害虫、寄生虫和外来物种入侵的额外威胁，这使我们的农业产业努力更加复杂。DNA条形码技术使研究人员能够识别单个物种，并且当与通用引物和高通量测序技术结合使用时，还能识别混合样本中的多样性（宏条形码）。这些工具已被用于检测市场上的替代产品，通过对微量“环境DNA”的法医评估追踪害虫，并追踪牲畜中的寄生虫感染。DNA条形码有助于提高食物链安全性的潜力是显而易见的，但在监管以及实验分析验证需求方面仍存在挑战。在此，我们概述了应用DNA条形码在农业中的当前用途和挑战，从农田内的农业生态系统到餐桌。
