SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.
Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
Mol Ecol Resour. 2017 Jul;17(4):670-685. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12614. Epub 2016 Nov 19.
The 'Symphyta' is a paraphyletic assemblage at the base of the order Hymenoptera, comprising 14 families and about 8750 species. All have phytophagous larvae, except for the Orussidae, which are parasitoids. This study presents and evaluates the results of DNA barcoding of approximately 5360 specimens of 'Symphyta', mainly adults, and 4362 sequences covering 1037 species were deemed of suitable quality for inclusion in the analysis. All extant families are represented, except for the Anaxyelidae. The majority of species and specimens are from Europe, but approximately 38% of the species and 13% of the specimens are of non-European origin. The utility of barcoding for species identification and taxonomy of 'Symphyta' is discussed on the basis of examples from each of the included families. A significant level of cryptic species diversity was apparent in many groups. Other attractive applications include the identification of immature stages without the need to rear them, community analyses based on metabarcoding of bulk samples and association of the sexes of adults.
“膜翅目”是膜翅目昆虫的一个并系群，包含 14 个科和约 8750 个物种。除了 Orussidae 科是寄生性的外，所有的幼虫都是植食性的。本研究介绍并评估了大约 5360 个“膜翅目”标本的 DNA 条形码分析结果，主要是成虫，其中有 4362 个序列覆盖了 1037 个物种，被认为质量适合纳入分析。除了 Anaxyelidae 科外，所有现生的科都有代表。大多数物种和标本都来自欧洲，但约有 38%的物种和 13%的标本来自非欧洲地区。基于每个包含的科的例子，讨论了条形码在“膜翅目”物种鉴定和分类中的应用。在许多群体中，明显存在大量的隐种多样性。其他有吸引力的应用包括无需饲养即可鉴定幼虫阶段、基于批量样本的代谢条形码进行群落分析以及成虫性别的关联。
