Kelly M S, Barker M F, McKenzie J D, Powell J
Biol Bull. 1995 Oct;189(2):91-105. doi: 10.2307/1542459.
New Zealand echinoderms (33 species drawn from all five extant classes) were examined for the presence of symbiotic bacteria by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Gram-negative, subcuticular bacteria (SCB) were found in 17 species from four classes. The SCB could be classified into two major morphological types. Some species had both types of SCB. The distribution of SCB was not obviously linked to host ecology but did appear to be related to host phylogeny. Related species usually all have SCB or all lack them. The number of SCB in five species was estimated to be between 8.41 x 108 and 4.96 x 109 g-1 ash-free dry weight of host tissue. Significant differences in bacterial load and relative proportions of the different types of bacteria were found among three congeneric echinoids (Pseudechinus huttoni, P. albocinctus and P. novaezealandia). Ophiocoma bollonsi was peculiar in having groups of bacteria enclosed in host cells (bacteriocytes) within the connective tissue of the tube feet.
通过荧光显微镜和电子显微镜检查了新西兰的棘皮动物（从现存的所有五个纲中选取了33个物种），以确定其是否存在共生细菌。在来自四个纲的17个物种中发现了革兰氏阴性的皮下细菌（SCB）。SCB可分为两种主要形态类型。有些物种同时具有这两种类型的SCB。SCB的分布与宿主生态没有明显联系，但似乎与宿主系统发育有关。相关物种通常要么都有SCB，要么都没有。估计五个物种中SCB的数量在宿主组织无灰干重的8.41×10⁸至4.96×10⁹ g⁻¹之间。在三种同属的海胆（哈氏拟球海胆、白边拟球海胆和新西兰拟球海胆）中，发现细菌载量和不同类型细菌的相对比例存在显著差异。博氏长腕海星的独特之处在于，在管足的结缔组织内，有成群的细菌被包裹在宿主细胞（含菌细胞）中。
