Jaiswal Deepika, Turniansky Rashi, Green Erin M
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
J Mol Biol. 2017 Jun 30;429(13):1946-1957. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.018. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
When yeast cells are challenged by a fluctuating environment, signaling networks activate differentiation programs that promote their individual or collective survival. These programs include the initiation of meiotic sporulation, the formation of filamentous growth structures, and the activation of programmed cell death pathways. The establishment and maintenance of these distinct cell fates are driven by massive gene expression programs that promote the necessary changes in morphology and physiology. While these genomic reprogramming events depend on a specialized network of transcription factors, a diverse set of chromatin regulators, including histone-modifying enzymes, chromatin remodelers, and histone variants, also play essential roles. Here, we review the broad functions of histone modifications in initiating cell fate transitions, with particular focus on their contribution to the control of expression of key genes required for the differentiation programs and chromatin reorganization that accompanies these cell fates.
当酵母细胞受到波动环境的挑战时，信号网络会激活促进其个体或集体存活的分化程序。这些程序包括减数分裂孢子形成的起始、丝状生长结构的形成以及程序性细胞死亡途径的激活。这些不同细胞命运的建立和维持是由大规模基因表达程序驱动的，这些程序促进形态和生理上的必要变化。虽然这些基因组重编程事件依赖于一个专门的转录因子网络，但包括组蛋白修饰酶、染色质重塑因子和组蛋白变体在内的多种染色质调节因子也发挥着重要作用。在这里，我们综述了组蛋白修饰在启动细胞命运转变中的广泛功能，特别关注它们对分化程序所需关键基因表达的控制以及伴随这些细胞命运的染色质重组的贡献。
