Lazic Katarina, Petrovic Jelena, Ciric Jelena, Kalauzi Aleksandar, Saponjic Jasna
University of Belgrade, Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic, 11 060 Belgrade, Serbia.
University of Belgrade, Department for Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia.
Physiol Behav. 2017 Jan 1;168:41-54. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.013. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
Postoperative sleep disorders, particularly the REM sleep disorder, may have a significant deleterious impact on postoperative outcomes and may contribute to the genesis of certain delayed postoperative complications. We have followed the effect of distinct anesthesia regimens (ketamine/diazepam vs. pentobarbital) over 6days following the induction of a stable anesthetized state in adult male Wistar rats, chronically instrumented for sleep recording. In order to compare the effect of both anesthetics in the physiological controls vs. the rats with impaired pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) cholinergic innervation, during the operative procedure for the implantation of EEG and EMG electrodes, the bilateral PPT lesion was conducted using ibotenic acid (IBO). We have followed in particular post-anesthesia REM sleep. Our results show the distinct EEG microstructure of the motor cortex during the different stable anesthetized states, and their distinct impact on post-anesthesia REM sleep. In contrast to pentobarbital anesthesia, the ketamine/diazepam anesthesia potentiated the long-lasting post-anesthesia REM statewith higher muscle tone (REM1) vs. REM state with atonia (REM2). Whereas both anesthesias prolonged the post-anesthesia REM sleep duration, the long-term prolongation of the REM1 state was demonstrated only after the ketamine/diazepam anesthesia, first due to the increased number of REM1 episodes, and then due to the prolonged REM1 episodes duration. On the other hand, whereas both anesthetic regimens abolished the prolonged post-anesthesia REM/REM1 sleep and the EEG microstructure disorder during REM sleep, only the pentobarbital abolished the increased NREM/REM/NREM transitions, caused by the PPT lesion. In addition, in the PPT lesioned rats, the ketamine/diazepam anesthesia decreased the Wake/NREM/Wake transitions while the pentobarbital anesthesia decreased the Wake/REM/Wake transitions. Our present study suggests pentobarbital anesthesia as being highly beneficial for post-anesthesia REM sleep in the physiological condition as well as during PPT cholinergic neuropathology.
术后睡眠障碍，尤其是快速眼动睡眠障碍，可能对术后结果产生重大有害影响，并可能导致某些术后延迟并发症的发生。我们在成年雄性Wistar大鼠诱导出稳定麻醉状态后的6天内，观察了不同麻醉方案（氯胺酮/地西泮与戊巴比妥）的效果，这些大鼠长期植入仪器用于睡眠记录。为了比较两种麻醉剂在生理对照组与脚桥被盖核（PPT）胆碱能神经支配受损大鼠中的作用，在植入脑电图和肌电图电极的手术过程中，使用鹅膏蕈氨酸（IBO）进行双侧PPT损伤。我们特别观察了麻醉后的快速眼动睡眠。我们的结果显示了在不同稳定麻醉状态下运动皮层独特的脑电图微观结构，以及它们对麻醉后快速眼动睡眠的不同影响。与戊巴比妥麻醉相比，氯胺酮/地西泮麻醉增强了麻醉后持久的快速眼动状态，与肌张力消失的快速眼动状态（REM2）相比，肌张力较高的快速眼动状态（REM1）更为明显。虽然两种麻醉都延长了麻醉后快速眼动睡眠的持续时间，但只有在氯胺酮/地西泮麻醉后，才出现REM1状态的长期延长，首先是由于REM1发作次数增加，然后是由于REM1发作持续时间延长。另一方面，虽然两种麻醉方案都消除了麻醉后延长的快速眼动/REM1睡眠和快速眼动睡眠期间的脑电图微观结构紊乱，但只有戊巴比妥消除了由PPT损伤引起的非快速眼动/快速眼动/非快速眼动转换增加。此外，在PPT损伤的大鼠中，氯胺酮/地西泮麻醉减少了清醒/非快速眼动/清醒转换，而戊巴比妥麻醉减少了清醒/快速眼动/清醒转换。我们目前的研究表明，戊巴比妥麻醉在生理状态以及PPT胆碱能神经病理学期间对麻醉后快速眼动睡眠非常有益。
