Prieto-Davó Alejandra, Dias Tiago, Gomes Sofia E, Rodrigues Sara, Parera-Valadez Yessica, Borralho Pedro M, Pereira Florbela, Rodrigues Cecilia M P, Santos-Sanches Ilda, Gaudêncio Susana P
Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Sisal Sisal, Mexico.
LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica, Portugal.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Oct 7;7:1594. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01594. eCollection 2016.
Marine-derived actinomycetes have demonstrated an ability to produce novel compounds with medically relevant biological activity. Studying the diversity and biogeographical patterns of marine actinomycetes offers an opportunity to identify genera that are under environmental pressures, which may drive adaptations that yield specific biosynthetic capabilities. The present study describes research efforts to explore regions of the Atlantic Ocean, specifically around the Madeira Archipelago, where knowledge of the indigenous actinomycete diversity is scarce. A total of 400 actinomycetes were isolated, sequenced, and screened for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The three most abundant genera identified were , and . Phylogenetic analyses of the marine OTUs isolated indicated that the Madeira Archipelago is a new source of actinomycetes adapted to life in the ocean. Phylogenetic differences between offshore (>100 m from shore) and nearshore (< 100 m from shore) populations illustrates the importance of sampling offshore in order to isolate new and diverse bacterial strains. Novel phylotypes from chemically rich marine actinomycete groups like MAR4 and the genus were isolated. Anticancer and antimicrobial assays identified , and as the most biologically active genera. This study illustrates the importance of bioprospecting efforts at unexplored regions of the ocean to recover bacterial strains with the potential to produce novel and interesting chemistry.
海洋来源的放线菌已显示出产生具有医学相关生物活性的新型化合物的能力。研究海洋放线菌的多样性和生物地理模式为识别处于环境压力下的属提供了机会，这些压力可能促使其产生适应性变化从而具备特定的生物合成能力。本研究描述了探索大西洋区域，特别是马德拉群岛周围区域的研究工作，该区域对本土放线菌多样性的了解较少。总共分离出400株放线菌，对其进行测序并筛选抗菌和抗癌活性。鉴定出的三个最丰富的属分别是 、 和 。对分离出的海洋操作分类单元（OTU）进行的系统发育分析表明，马德拉群岛是适应海洋生活的放线菌的新来源。近海（距离海岸>100米）和近岸（距离海岸<100米）种群之间的系统发育差异说明了在近海采样以分离新的和多样的细菌菌株的重要性。从像MAR4和 属这样富含化学物质的海洋放线菌群中分离出了新的系统发育型。抗癌和抗菌试验确定 、 和 为生物活性最强的属。这项研究说明了在海洋未开发区域进行生物勘探工作以获取具有产生新型有趣化学物质潜力的细菌菌株的重要性。
