Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Dec 6;50(23):13070-13079. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03230. Epub 2016 Nov 21.
Temporal and spatial trends of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were investigated in Baltic Sea herring liver (Clupea harengus) from three sites, and white-tailed sea eagle (WTSE) eggs (Haliaeetus albicilla) from two freshwater and two marine areas in Sweden. Trends of most quantifiable PFAAs increased over the monitored period (1980-2014 in herring, 1960s/1980s-2010 in WTSE). No significant decreasing trends were observed for the most recent ten years for any substances, except perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA). Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonic acids (PFOS) in herring showed a distinct decreasing spatial trend moving from the more southern site toward the more northern site, indicating main input of PFOS into the southern Baltic Sea. For WTSE, PFOS concentration was higher in the marine compared to the freshwater environment, explained by the cumulative historic contamination of the Baltic Sea. Similarly, concentrations in WTSE were lower in the northern part of the Baltic Sea compared to further south. Concentrations of PFUnDA, representing long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), showed a more homogeneous spatial distribution compared to PFOS for both herring and WTSE, indicating that atmospheric inputs (via precursors) of the long-chain PFCAs are important contributors in the study areas.
研究了波罗的海鲱鱼（Clupea harengus）肝脏和瑞典两个淡水和两个海洋地区的白尾海雕（Haliaeetus albicilla）卵中全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）的时空趋势。在监测期间（鲱鱼为 1980-2014 年，白尾海雕为 1960 年代/1980 年代至 2010 年），大多数可量化的 PFAAs 的趋势呈上升趋势。除全氟辛烷磺酰胺（FOSA）外，最近十年没有观察到任何物质的显著下降趋势。鲱鱼中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的浓度表现出从较南部地区向较北部地区的明显下降的空间趋势，表明 PFOS 主要输入到波罗的海南部。对于白尾海雕，海洋环境中的 PFOS 浓度高于淡水环境，这是由波罗的海的累积历史污染造成的。同样，与更南部相比，波罗的海北部的白尾海雕中的浓度较低。与 PFOS 相比，代表长链全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs）的 PFUnDA 的浓度在鲱鱼和白尾海雕中表现出更均匀的空间分布，表明长链 PFCAs 的大气输入（通过前体）是研究区域的重要贡献者。
