Prescott P A
Graduate Department of Psycho Physiological Nursing, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore 21201.
Heart Lung. 1989 Sep;18(5):436-43.
The nursing shortage is discussed in terms of supply, demand, and wages, and the current situation is compared with previous nursing shortages. Reasons for the shortage are examined and reframing the problem from a shortage of nurses to a shortage of professional nursing practice is suggested as a strategic first step in solving the problems of nurse staffing in acute care general hospitals. Four kinds of shortage situations are identified; only one kind, vacancy, results from vacant positions. The other three types, transient, position, and scheduling, are the result of administrative decisions regarding the use of nursing personnel. A fundamental restructuring of how hospitals use nurses is needed, and this solution will in the long run be more effective in solving the shortage problem than is the effort simply to add more nurses into the existing system.
本文从供给、需求和工资方面探讨了护理短缺问题，并将当前情况与以往的护理短缺情况进行了比较。研究了短缺的原因，并建议将问题从护士短缺重新界定为专业护理实践短缺，作为解决综合急症医院护士人员配置问题的战略第一步。确定了四种短缺情况；只有一种，即空缺，是由职位空缺导致的。其他三种类型，即临时、职位和排班短缺，是医院在护理人员使用方面行政决策的结果。医院需要对护士的使用方式进行根本性的重组，从长远来看，这种解决方案比仅仅在现有系统中增加更多护士的努力更有效地解决短缺问题。
