Rombo Diogo M, Ribeiro Joaquim A, Sebastião Ana M
Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
J Neurochem. 2016 Dec;139(6):1056-1070. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13872. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
Physiological network functioning in the hippocampus is dependent on a balance between glutamatergic cell excitability and the activity of diverse local circuit neurons that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Tuners of neuronal communication such as adenosine, an endogenous modulator of synapses, control hippocampal network operations by regulating excitability. Evidence has been recently accumulating on the influence of adenosine on different aspects of GABAergic transmission to shape hippocampal function. This review addresses how adenosine, through its high-affinity A (A R) and A receptors (A R), interferes with different GABA-mediated forms of inhibition in the hippocampus to regulate neuronal excitability. Adenosine-mediated modulation of phasic/tonic inhibitory transmission, of GABA transport mechanisms and its interference with other modulatory systems are discussed together with the putative implications for neuronal function in physiological and pathological conditions. This article is part of a mini review series: 'Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases'.
海马体中的生理网络功能依赖于谷氨酸能细胞兴奋性与释放抑制性神经递质γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的多种局部回路神经元活动之间的平衡。诸如腺苷（一种内源性突触调节剂）之类的神经元通讯调节因子通过调节兴奋性来控制海马体网络运作。最近，腺苷对GABA能传递不同方面的影响以塑造海马体功能的证据不断积累。本综述探讨了腺苷如何通过其高亲和力A1（A1R）和A2A受体（A2AR）干扰海马体中不同的GABA介导的抑制形式，以调节神经元兴奋性。腺苷介导的对相位/紧张性抑制性传递、GABA转运机制的调节及其对其他调节系统的干扰，以及在生理和病理条件下对神经元功能的潜在影响都将进行讨论。本文是“脑疾病中的突触功能与功能障碍”小型综述系列的一部分。
