Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
I Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Fam Process. 2017 Dec;56(4):926-942. doi: 10.1111/famp.12257. Epub 2016 Oct 26.
Despite considerable research on secondary traumatization, the ramifications of veterans' and their wives' posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) for the family system remain largely uninvestigated. Beginning to fill this gap, the current study aims to investigate the reciprocal relations between both spouses' PTSS and marital adjustment, and the implications these bear for their parental functioning. Two hundred and twenty-five Israeli veterans (mean age = 58.62, SD = 7.6) from the 1973 Yom Kippur War and their wives (mean age = 58.28, SD = 5.79) were examined at two points in time: 30 (T1) and 35-37 years after the war (T2). Analysis included longitudinal actor-partner interdependence modeling and sequential mediation analyses. The results show that higher PTSS among the wives at T1 predicted higher PTSS among husbands at T2, and vice versa, and predicted their husbands' marital adjustment at T2. Moreover, wives' PTSS at T1 had a significant effect on parental overinvolvement of both parents at T2, but neither their PTSS nor their husbands' PTSS had an impact on positive parenting. In the intrapersonal domain, better marital adjustment at T1 predicted positive parenting among both spouses in subsequent measurement. Interpersonally, wives' lower marital adjustment at T1 predicted husbands' higher parental functioning, but not vice versa. Furthermore, marital adjustment mediated the association between PTSS and positive parenting for both spouses. The results emphasize the detrimental ramifications of war trauma on the interpersonal domains in veterans' families. Hence, both marital and parental consequences of trauma should be considered in clinical family interventions.
尽管对二次创伤化进行了大量研究，但退伍军人及其配偶的创伤后应激症状 (PTSS) 对家庭系统的影响在很大程度上仍未得到调查。为了填补这一空白，本研究旨在调查配偶双方的 PTSS 与婚姻调整之间的相互关系，以及这些关系对他们的父母功能的影响。研究调查了 225 名来自 1973 年赎罪日战争的以色列退伍军人（平均年龄 58.62 岁，标准差 7.6）及其配偶（平均年龄 58.28 岁，标准差 5.79 岁），在两个时间点进行了检查：30 天（T1）和 35-37 年后（T2）。分析包括纵向演员-伙伴相互依存模型和顺序中介分析。结果表明，T1 时妻子的 PTSS 较高，预示着 T2 时丈夫的 PTSS 较高，反之亦然，并预示着他们丈夫的婚姻调整。此外，T1 时妻子的 PTSS 对 T2 时父母双方的过度参与有显著影响，但 T1 时妻子或丈夫的 PTSS 对积极养育没有影响。在个体内部领域，T1 时更好的婚姻调整预测了 T2 时夫妻双方的积极养育。在人际领域，T1 时妻子的婚姻调整较低，预示着丈夫的父母功能较高，但反之则不然。此外，婚姻调整在配偶双方的 PTSS 与积极养育之间的关联中起中介作用。这些结果强调了战争创伤对退伍军人家庭人际领域的不利影响。因此，在临床家庭干预中，应考虑创伤的婚姻和父母后果。
