Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jan;24(2):1397-1415. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7891-7. Epub 2016 Oct 25.
In the last decades, Egypt has been suffering from the phenomenon of black cloud resulting from burning rice husk and increasing the demand for water leading to the water crisis. An alternative, low-value and surplus agricultural byproduct (rice husk, RH) has an enormous potential for the removal of Cu(II) ions from water. The present study focuses on the chance of the use of rice husk as a bio-adsorbent without any chemical treatment instead of burning it and soiling the environment. The elemental, structural, morphological, surface functional, thermal, and textural characteristics of RH are determined by XRF, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA, and BET surface area, respectively, and contributed to the understanding of the adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) ions in aqueous solution. Also, the performance analysis, adsorption mechanism, influencing factors, favorable conditions, etc. are discussed in this article. The results obtained from optimization by batch mode are achieved under the following conditions: initial concentration, 150 ppm; amount of rice husk, 1 g; average particle size, 0.25 mm; temperature, 25 °C; pH, 4; agitation rate, 180 rpm; and contact time, 60 min. RH exhibits a high degree of selectivity for Cu(II) adsorption. The adsorption isotherm is fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich models with R 0.998 and 0.997, respectively. The adsorption is well governed by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. It is observed that the rate of adsorption improves with decreasing temperature, and the process is exothermic and non-spontaneous. Particular attention has being paid to factors as production processes, fixed/operational cost, production cost, and profit. The techno-economical analysis is presented in this study that provides precise demands on capital for a fixed investment, provisions for operational capital, and finally provisions for revenue. The social, economical, and environmental benefits by industrial point of view using low-cost adsorbent are also discussed.
在过去的几十年里，埃及一直受到燃烧稻壳产生的黑烟现象和对水资源需求增加导致水危机的困扰。一种低价值和剩余的农业副产品（稻壳，RH）具有从水中去除 Cu(II)离子的巨大潜力。本研究重点关注使用稻壳作为生物吸附剂的可能性，而无需进行任何化学处理，而不是燃烧它并污染环境。通过 XRF、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TGA 和 BET 表面积分别确定 RH 的元素、结构、形态、表面功能、热和结构特性，有助于理解水溶液中 Cu(II)离子的吸附机制。此外，本文还讨论了性能分析、吸附机制、影响因素、有利条件等。通过批量模式优化获得的结果是在以下条件下实现的：初始浓度为 150 ppm；稻壳用量为 1 g；平均粒径为 0.25 mm；温度为 25°C；pH 值为 4；搅拌速度为 180 rpm；接触时间为 60 min。RH 对 Cu(II)吸附具有高度选择性。吸附等温线与 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 模型拟合良好，分别为 R 0.998 和 0.997。吸附过程很好地受伪二阶动力学控制。结果表明，吸附速率随温度的降低而提高，该过程是放热和非自发的。特别关注了生产工艺、固定/运营成本、生产成本和利润等因素。本文提出了技术经济分析，为固定投资、运营资本拨款以及最终收入拨款提供了精确的资本需求。还从工业角度讨论了使用低成本吸附剂的社会、经济和环境效益。
