Liu Zhuang, Ju Xiao-Jie, Wang Wei, Xie Rui, Jiang Lu, Chen Qianming, Zhang Yan-Qiong, Wu Jiang-Feng, Chu Liang-Yin
China; Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China.
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(2):295-301. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666161021141429.
In conventional drug delivery, the drug concentration in the blood raises once the drug taken, and then peaks and declines. Since each drug has a level above which it is toxic and another level below which it is ineffective, the drug concentration in a patient at a particular time depends on compliance with the prescribed routine.
To achieve more effective efficacy and fewer side effects of drugs, the drug carriers with desirable dosing and controllable release property of drugs are highly desired. Stimuli-responsive capsules with smart gating membranes or hydrogel-based membranes as capsule shells are ideal candidates. The smart capsule membranes enable efficient encapsulation of drugs within the large inner volume, and the responsive gating membranes or hydrogel-based membranes could control the release rate of encapsulated drugs in responding to environmental stimuli. The trigger stimuli could be either artificial or natural ones corresponding to specific diseases, such as temperature, pH, glucose concentration, specific ion, light, and magnetic field.
This review highlights the recent development in stimuli-responsive capsule membranes for controlled release in pharmaceutical applications, including two types of stimuli-responsive capsule membranes with different architectures for on/off release and burst release, which can achieve potential uses of case-dependent on/off release and burst release.
The preponderances of the smart capsule membranes are that the capsules are with controllable inner space for drug vehicles with desired dose and stimuli-responsive membrane as shell to release drugs at a desired site and/or moment. However, the actual difficulties for the stimuli-responsive capsule membrane systems to go before they can be applied widely in the biomedical fields are discussed. The future works should focus on the improvements of biocompatibility, biodegradability and stimuli-responsiveness of the capsule membranes, easy and scalable fabrication techniques with further decrease of the capsule size for more efficient in vivo applications, and the diversification of the multi-compartmental capsule architectures with multi-stimuli-responsive characteristics for controlled release.
在传统药物递送中，服药后血液中的药物浓度会升高，然后达到峰值并下降。由于每种药物都有一个中毒浓度水平和一个无效浓度水平，特定时间患者体内的药物浓度取决于对规定服药程序的依从性。
为了实现更高的药物疗效和更少的副作用，人们迫切需要具有理想给药和可控药物释放特性的药物载体。以智能门控膜或水凝胶基膜为胶囊壳的刺激响应性胶囊是理想的选择。智能胶囊膜能够在较大的内部容积中高效包封药物，而响应性门控膜或水凝胶基膜可以根据环境刺激控制包封药物的释放速率。触发刺激可以是与特定疾病对应的人工或自然刺激，如温度、pH值、葡萄糖浓度、特定离子、光和磁场。
本综述重点介绍了用于药物应用中控制释放的刺激响应性胶囊膜的最新进展，包括两种具有不同结构用于开/关释放和突释的刺激响应性胶囊膜，它们可以实现依赖于病例的开/关释放和突释的潜在用途。
智能胶囊膜的优势在于胶囊具有可控的内部空间，用于装载具有所需剂量的药物载体，并且以刺激响应性膜为外壳，能够在所需部位和/或时刻释放药物。然而，也讨论了刺激响应性胶囊膜系统在能够广泛应用于生物医学领域之前所面临的实际困难。未来的工作应集中在改善胶囊膜的生物相容性、生物降解性和刺激响应性，开发简便且可扩展的制造技术，进一步减小胶囊尺寸以实现更高效的体内应用，以及设计具有多刺激响应特性的多隔室胶囊结构以实现控释的多样化。
