Ten Hoope-Bender Petra, Martin Hilber Adriane, Nove Andrea, Bandali Sarah, Nam Sara, Armstrong Corinne, Chatuluka Mathias G, Magoma Moke, Hulton Louise
Technical Adviser Sexual and Reproductive Health, UNFPA, Geneva, Switzerland.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016 Dec;135(3):358-364. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Oct 15.
Accountability mechanisms help governments and development partners fulfill the promises and commitments they make to global initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Global Strategy on Women's and Children's health, and regional or national strategies such as the Campaign for the Accelerated Reduction in Maternal Mortality in Africa (CARMMA). But without directed pressure, comparative data and tools to provide insight into successes, failures, and overall results, accountability fails. The analysis of accountability mechanisms in five countries supported by the Evidence for Action program shows that accountability is most effective when it is connected across global and national levels; civil society has a central and independent role; proactive, immediate and targeted implementation mechanisms are funded from the start; advocacy for accountability is combined with local outreach activities such as blood drives; local and national champions (Presidents, First Ladies, Ministers) help draw public attention to government performance; scorecards are developed to provide insight into performance and highlight necessary improvements; and politicians at subnational level are supported by national leaders to effect change. Under the Sustainable Development Goals, accountability and advocacy supported by global and regional intergovernmental organizations, constantly monitored and with commensurate retribution for nonperformance will remain essential.
问责机制有助于政府和发展伙伴履行他们对诸如千年发展目标和全球妇女与儿童健康战略等全球倡议，以及诸如非洲加速降低孕产妇死亡率运动（CARMMA）等区域或国家战略所做出的承诺。但如果没有定向压力、比较数据以及用于洞察成败和总体结果的工具，问责就会失效。由行动证据项目支持的对五个国家问责机制的分析表明，当问责在全球和国家层面相互关联时最为有效；民间社会发挥核心且独立的作用；积极主动、及时且有针对性的实施机制从一开始就获得资金支持；对问责的宣传与献血活动等地方推广活动相结合；地方和国家的倡导者（总统、第一夫人、部长）帮助公众关注政府绩效；制定记分卡以洞察绩效并突出必要的改进；国家领导人支持地方一级的政治家推动变革。在可持续发展目标下，由全球和区域政府间组织支持、持续监测且对未履行职责给予相应惩罚的问责和宣传仍将至关重要。
