Faculty of Law, Institute for Criminal Law and Criminilogy, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Stress Health. 2017 Oct;33(4):405-414. doi: 10.1002/smi.2725. Epub 2016 Oct 28.
Deficits in recognition of suffering play a significant role in the etiology of psychological distress in crime victims. However, given the preliminary status of the literature, it seems necessary to take other factors into account as well. Starting from an agency perspective, this study explored three such factors: negative self-attributions, peritraumatic distress, and early posttraumatic emotions. More specifically, this study explored whether the association between recognition deficits and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms observed in other studies could be replicated and, if so, whether this association was mediated by negative self-attributions and would decrease in strength when taking into account the adverse roles of peritraumatic distress and early posttraumatic emotions. To address these questions, we used prospective data from 201 victims who had reported a crime to the Dutch police. Recognition deficits, negative self-attributions, peritraumatic distress, and early posttraumatic emotions were assessed within 1 month after the crime report and PTSD symptoms 1 month later. Results indicated that the association between recognition deficits and PTSD symptoms was partly mediated by negative self-attributions and that the strength of this association decreased when controlling for peritraumatic distress and early posttraumatic emotions.
识别痛苦缺陷在犯罪受害者心理困扰的病因学中起着重要作用。然而，鉴于文献的初步状态，似乎有必要考虑其他因素。从机构的角度出发，本研究探讨了三个这样的因素：消极的自我归因、创伤前困扰和早期创伤后情绪。更具体地说，本研究探讨了在其他研究中观察到的识别缺陷与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状之间的关联是否可以复制，如果可以，这种关联是否被消极的自我归因所介导，并且当考虑到创伤前困扰和早期创伤后情绪的不利作用时，这种关联的强度是否会降低。为了解决这些问题，我们使用了来自 201 名向荷兰警方报案的受害者的前瞻性数据。在犯罪报告后 1 个月内评估识别缺陷、消极的自我归因、创伤前困扰和早期创伤后情绪，1 个月后评估 PTSD 症状。结果表明，识别缺陷与 PTSD 症状之间的关联部分是由消极的自我归因介导的，并且当控制创伤前困扰和早期创伤后情绪时，这种关联的强度会降低。
