Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021 Sep;56(9):1565-1574. doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-02021-5. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
There is ample evidence that experiencing a criminal victimization is associated with lasting emotional problems among victims. To date, the mechanisms behind this association are not well understood. Based on the theoretical assumptions derived from a transactional stress-appraisal and coping model this study analyses the role of cognitive social capital (SC) in the association between criminal victimization (CV) and victims' mental health.
A cross-sectional, computer-aided telephone survey including a representative sample of 3005 persons from three German cities was conducted. Respondents were asked about CV during their lifetime, cognitive SC, perceived victimization risk, perceived safety and perceived ability to prevent victimization. The PHQ-4 was used as a measure of anxiety and depression. The data were analyzed by means of logistic regression models and a path model controlled for sociodemographic characteristics.
Lifetime CV with any type of crime was associated with a clinically relevant increased risk of mental disorder (PHQ-4 ≥ 9; OR 1.8, p ≤ 0.05). Path analyses revealed that the direct association between CV and PHQ-4 (β = 0.454; p ≤ 0.01) was significantly diminished by cognitive SC (β = - 0.373; p ≤ 0.05).
Our results suggest that cognitive SC is an individual resilience factor against negative experiences related to CV and that it holds the potential to diminish negative mental health consequences of CV. Further research should explore to what extent an enhancement of cognitive SC can help to prevent anxiety and depression among crime victims.
有充分的证据表明，遭受犯罪侵害会给受害者带来持久的情绪问题。迄今为止，这种关联的背后机制还不是很清楚。基于从交易性应激-评估和应对模型中得出的理论假设，本研究分析了认知社会资本（SC）在犯罪受害（CV）与受害者心理健康之间的关联中的作用。
采用横断面、计算机辅助电话调查，对来自德国三个城市的3005 名代表性样本进行调查。要求受访者在其一生中报告 CV、认知 SC、感知受害风险、感知安全性和感知预防受害的能力。使用 PHQ-4 作为焦虑和抑郁的衡量标准。通过逻辑回归模型和控制社会人口特征的路径模型对数据进行分析。
任何类型的犯罪的终生 CV 与精神障碍的临床相关风险增加相关（PHQ-4≥9；OR 1.8，p≤0.05）。路径分析表明，CV 与 PHQ-4 之间的直接关联（β=0.454；p≤0.01）因认知 SC 而显著降低（β=-0.373；p≤0.05）。
我们的结果表明，认知 SC 是一种针对与 CV 相关的负面经验的个体恢复力因素，它有可能减轻 CV 对心理健康的负面影响。进一步的研究应该探讨增强认知 SC 在多大程度上可以帮助预防犯罪受害者的焦虑和抑郁。
