Julià Mireia, Ollé-Espluga Laia, Vanroelen Christophe, De Moortel Deborah, Mousaid Sarah, Vinberg Stig, Puig-Barrachina Vanessa, Sánchez Esther, Muntaner Carles, Artazcoz Lucía, Benach Joan
Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Johns Hopkins University - Universitat Pompeu Fabra Public Policy Center, Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Health Serv. 2017 Jan;47(1):18-39. doi: 10.1177/0020731416676233. Epub 2016 Oct 28.
This article reports evidence gained by the SOPHIE Project regarding employment and labor market-related policies. In the first step, quality of employment and of precarious and informal employment in Europe were conceptualized and defined. Based on these definitions, we analyzed changes in the prevalence and population distribution of key health-affecting characteristics of employment and work between times of economic prosperity and economic crisis in Europe and investigated their impact on health outcomes. Additionally, we examined the effects of several employment and labor market-related policies on factors affecting health equity, including a specific analysis concerning work-related gender equity policies and case studies in different European countries. Our findings show that there is a need to standardize definitions and indicators of (the quality of) employment conditions and improve information systems. This is challenging given the important differences between and within European countries. In our results, low quality of employment and precarious employment is associated with poor mental health. In order to protect the well-being of workers and reduce work-related health inequalities, policies leading to precarious working and employment conditions need to be suspended. Instead, efforts should be made to improve the security and quality of employment for all workers.
本文报告了“苏菲计划”（SOPHIE Project）在就业及与劳动力市场相关政策方面所取得的证据。第一步，对欧洲的就业质量以及不稳定和非正规就业进行了概念化和定义。基于这些定义，我们分析了欧洲经济繁荣时期与经济危机时期就业和工作中对健康有重要影响的关键特征的发生率及人口分布变化，并研究了它们对健康结果的影响。此外，我们考察了若干与就业及劳动力市场相关的政策对影响健康公平性的因素的作用，包括对与工作相关的性别平等政策的具体分析以及不同欧洲国家的案例研究。我们的研究结果表明，有必要对就业条件（质量）的定义和指标进行标准化，并改善信息系统。鉴于欧洲国家之间以及国家内部存在重大差异，这具有挑战性。在我们的研究结果中，就业质量低下和不稳定就业与心理健康不佳相关。为了保护工人的福祉并减少与工作相关的健康不平等现象，需要暂停导致不稳定工作和就业条件的政策。相反，应努力提高所有工人就业的安全性和质量。
