Puig-Barrachina Vanessa, Vanroelen Christophe, Vives Alejandra, Martínez José Miguel, Muntaner Carles, Levecque Katia, Benach Joan, Louckx Fred
Work. 2014;49(1):143-61. doi: 10.3233/WOR-131645.
Precarious employment is becoming an increasingly important social determinant of health inequalities among workers. The way in which contemporary employment arrangements and their health consequences are addressed in empirical research is mostly based on the contract-related or employment instability dimension. A broader conceptual approach including various important characteristics of the degrading of employment conditions and relations is needed.
The general objective of this paper is to empirically test a new multidimensional construct for measuring precarious employment in an existing database. Special focus is on the social distribution of precarious employment.
A subsample of 21,415 participants in the EU-27 from the Fourth European Working Conditions Survey-2005 was analysed. A cross-sectional study of the social distribution of precarious employment was conducted through the analysis of proportional differences according to gender, social class and credentials for the European Union as a whole and within each country. The 8 dimensions of the employment precariousness construct were represented by 11 indicators.
In general, women, workers without supervisory authority, those with fewer credentials, and those living in Eastern and Southern European countries suffer the highest levels of precarious employment. Exceptionally, men, workers with supervisory authority and those with the highest credentials suffer the highest levels of long working hours, schedule unpredictability and uncompensated flexible working times.
This article offers the first validation for an innovative multidimensional conceptualisation of employment precariousness applied to the analysis of existing survey data, showing the unequal distribution of precarious employment across the European labour force. This set of indicators can be useful for monitoring precarious employment.
不稳定就业正日益成为劳动者健康不平等的一个重要社会决定因素。实证研究中处理当代就业安排及其健康后果的方式大多基于与合同相关或就业不稳定维度。需要一种更广泛的概念方法，包括就业条件和关系恶化的各种重要特征。
本文的总体目标是在现有数据库中对衡量不稳定就业的新多维结构进行实证检验。特别关注不稳定就业的社会分布情况。
对来自2005年第四次欧洲工作条件调查的欧盟27国的21415名参与者的子样本进行了分析。通过分析整个欧盟以及每个国家内按性别、社会阶层和学历划分的比例差异，对不稳定就业的社会分布进行了横断面研究。就业不稳定结构的8个维度由11个指标表示。
总体而言，女性、无监督权力的工人、学历较低的工人以及生活在东欧和南欧国家的工人面临的不稳定就业水平最高。例外的是，男性、有监督权力的工人以及学历最高的工人面临的长时间工作、日程不可预测性和无补偿灵活工作时间的水平最高。
本文首次对应用于现有调查数据分析的就业不稳定创新多维概念化进行了验证，显示了不稳定就业在欧洲劳动力中的不平等分布。这组指标可用于监测不稳定就业情况。
