Cheng Yu-Ting, Yang Chun-Chih, Shyur Lie-Fen
Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
Pharmacol Res. 2016 Dec;114:128-143. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.10.022. Epub 2016 Oct 26.
In spite of the current advances and achievements in systems biology and translational medicinal research, the current strategies for cancer therapy, such as radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapy remain palliative or unsatisfactory due to tumor metastasis or recurrence after surgery/therapy, drug resistance, adverse side effects, and so on. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic/acute inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and tumor invasion/metastasis which is also attributed to the dynamic and complex properties and activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Re-educating or reprogramming tumor-associated stromal or immune cells in the TME provides an approach for restoring immune surveillance impaired by disease in cancer patients to increase overall survival and reduce drug resistance. Herbal medicines or plant-derived natural products have historically been a major source of anti-cancer drugs. Delving into the lore of herbal medicine may uncover new leads for anti-cancer drugs. Phytomedicines have been widely documented to directly or indirectly target multiple signaling pathways and networks in cancer cells. A combination of anti-cancer drugs and polypharmacological plant-derived extracts or compounds may offer a significant advantage in sensitizing the efficacy of monotherapy and overcoming drug-induced resistance in cancer patients. This review introduces several phytochemicals and phytoextracts derived from medicinal plants or dietary vegetables that have been studied for their efficacy in preclinical cancer models. We address the underlying modes of action of induction of OS and deregulation of TME-associated stromal cells, mediators and signaling pathways, and reference the related clinical investigations that look at the single or combination use of phytochemicals and phytoextracts to sensitize anti-cancer drug effects and/or overcome drug resistance.
尽管目前系统生物学和转化医学研究取得了进展和成就，但由于手术/治疗后肿瘤转移或复发、耐药性、不良副作用等原因，目前的癌症治疗策略，如放射治疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗和化疗，仍然是姑息性的或不尽人意的。氧化应激（OS）在慢性/急性炎症、致癌作用、肿瘤进展和肿瘤侵袭/转移中起关键作用，这也归因于肿瘤微环境（TME）中动态和复杂的特性及活性。重新教育或重新编程TME中的肿瘤相关基质或免疫细胞为恢复癌症患者因疾病受损的免疫监视提供了一种方法，以提高总生存率并降低耐药性。草药或植物来源的天然产物历来是抗癌药物的主要来源。深入研究草药知识可能会发现抗癌药物的新线索。植物药已被广泛证明可直接或间接靶向癌细胞中的多种信号通路和网络。抗癌药物与多药植物来源的提取物或化合物的组合可能在提高单一疗法疗效和克服癌症患者药物诱导的耐药性方面具有显著优势。本综述介绍了几种从药用植物或食用蔬菜中提取的植物化学物质和植物提取物，它们在临床前癌症模型中的疗效已得到研究。我们阐述了诱导OS以及TME相关基质细胞、介质和信号通路失调的潜在作用模式，并参考了相关临床研究，这些研究探讨了植物化学物质和植物提取物单独或联合使用以提高抗癌药物效果和/或克服耐药性的情况。
