Ratajczak Mariusz Z, Ratajczak Daniel, Pedziwiatr Daniel
Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;913:41-49. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_3.
There are several mechanisms by which cells communicate with each other. Evidence accumulates that the evolutionary oldest mechanisms of cell-cell communication involves extracellular microvesicles (ExMVs). Generally, these circular membrane fragments enriched for mRNA, miRNA, proteins, and bioactive lipids are released by exocytosis from endosomal compartment or are directly formed by budding from cell surface membranes. ExMVs from endosomal compartment called exosomes are smaller in size ~100 nM as compared to larger ones released from cell membranes that are in size up to 1 μM. In this chapter we will present an emerging link between ExMVs and recently identified novel cell-cell communication network involving a new type of cell known as telocyte. Mounting evidence accumulates that telocytes mediate several of their biological effects in several organs by releasing ExMVs enriched in mRNA, miRNA, proteins, and several biological mediators to the target cells.
细胞相互通讯有多种机制。越来越多的证据表明，细胞间通讯进化上最古老的机制涉及细胞外微泡（ExMVs）。一般来说，这些富含mRNA、miRNA、蛋白质和生物活性脂质的圆形膜片段通过胞吐作用从内体区室释放，或者直接由细胞膜出芽形成。与从细胞膜释放的较大微泡（尺寸可达1μm）相比，来自内体区室的ExMVs（称为外泌体）尺寸较小，约为100 nM。在本章中，我们将介绍ExMVs与最近发现的新型细胞间通讯网络之间的新联系，该网络涉及一种称为间质细胞的新型细胞。越来越多的证据表明，间质细胞通过向靶细胞释放富含mRNA、miRNA、蛋白质和几种生物介质的ExMVs，在多个器官中介导其多种生物学效应。
