Møller Ian M, Jensen Poul Erik, Hansson Andreas
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2007;58:459-81. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103946.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced in many places in living cells and at an increased rate during biotic or abiotic stress. ROS and RNS participate in signal transduction, but also modify cellular components and cause damage. We first look at the most common ROS and their properties. We then consider the ways in which the cell can regulate their production and removal. We critically assess current knowledge about modifications of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), DNA, carbohydrates, and proteins and illustrate this knowledge with case stories wherever possible. Some oxidative breakdown products, e.g., from PUFA, can cause secondary damage. Other oxidation products are secondary signaling molecules. We consider the fate of the modified components, the energetic costs to the cell of replacing such components, as well as strategies to minimize transfer of oxidatively damaged components to the next generation.
活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）在活细胞的许多部位产生，并且在生物或非生物胁迫期间产生速率会增加。ROS和RNS参与信号转导，但也会修饰细胞成分并造成损伤。我们首先来看最常见的ROS及其特性。然后我们考虑细胞调节其产生和清除的方式。我们批判性地评估关于多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、DNA、碳水化合物和蛋白质修饰的现有知识，并尽可能用实例来说明这些知识。一些氧化分解产物，例如来自PUFA的产物，会造成二次损伤。其他氧化产物是二级信号分子。我们考虑被修饰成分的命运、细胞替换此类成分的能量成本，以及尽量减少氧化损伤成分向下一代传递的策略。
