Garcia-Villamisar Domingo, Dattilo John, Garcia-Martinez Marta
aDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Section of Psychopathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain bThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017 Jan;30(1):36-44. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000299.
This review summarizes recent executive functions research to better delineate the nosology of personality disorders.
This review indicates that there are consistent impairments in executive functioning in people with personality disorders as compared with matched controls. Only five disorders were considered: borderline, obsessive-compulsive, antisocial, narcissistic, and schizotypal. Significant deficits are observed in decision-making, working memory, inhibition, and flexibility. Relevant data for the remaining personality disorders have not yet been published in relation to the executive functions.
People with personality disorders could present a pattern of neurocognitive alterations that suggest a specific impairment of the prefrontal areas. The executive dysfunctions could partially explain the behavioral alterations in people with personality disorders.Further research should adopt broader considerations of effects of comorbidity and clinical heterogeneity, include community samples and, possibly, longitudinal designs with samples of youth.
本综述总结近期执行功能研究，以更好地界定人格障碍的分类学。
本综述表明，与匹配的对照组相比，人格障碍患者在执行功能方面存在持续损害。仅考虑了五种障碍：边缘型、强迫型、反社会型、自恋型和分裂型。在决策、工作记忆、抑制和灵活性方面观察到显著缺陷。其余人格障碍与执行功能相关的相关数据尚未发表。
人格障碍患者可能呈现出一种神经认知改变模式，提示前额叶区域存在特定损害。执行功能障碍可能部分解释人格障碍患者的行为改变。进一步的研究应更广泛地考虑共病和临床异质性的影响，纳入社区样本，并可能采用青年样本的纵向设计。
