Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jan;24(2):1938-1952. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7904-6. Epub 2016 Oct 31.
For the first time, long-term monitoring (from 2002 to 2014) was carried out of surface sediments in Ludaš Lake, a Ramsar site in northern Serbia. Organic (16 EPA PAHs, mineral oils, selected pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) and inorganic substances (eight heavy metals: Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As and Hg) were continually investigated. Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA) and fluorene (Flo) were found at levels indicative of causing adverse effects to biota. Diagnostic ratios of specific PAHs were dominated by high molecular weight components, particularly DahA, which contributed 81.78 % of the total high carcinogens, benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and Flo. Potential ecological risk factors (ERi) and the high relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained (up to 245 %) for the parameters monitored confirm the high periodical anthropogenic impact from industry, municipal wastewater and agriculture. The highest concentration of inorganic pollution found was for Cd (440-831 mg/kg) at all sites, Cu (439 mg/kg) in the eastern part of the lake and Cu (388 mg/kg) and Hg (771 mg/kg) in the northern part of the lake. Based on factor analysis of principal component analysis (PCA/FA), As and phenanthrene (Phe) had significant loadings (0.808 and 0.907, respectively). This association of As with organic anthropogenic sources was also confirmed with the sum of PAHs, pyrene (Pyr) and mineral oil by 3D factor plot, corroborating the theory of As mobilization from metal-reducing microbes as organic (methylated) forms, accelerated by phenanthrene. According to EU national and regional data results, this research suggests that Cu, As, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and Flo should be added to the list of priority pollutants within the context of applying the European Water Framework Directive (WFD).
首次对塞尔维亚北部拉姆斯保护区的卢达斯湖的表层沉积物进行了长达 13 年（2002 年至 2014 年）的长期监测。持续调查了有机污染物（16 种 EPA 多环芳烃、矿物油、选定的农药和多氯联苯（PCBs））和无机物质（八种重金属：镍、锌、镉、铬、铜、铅、砷和汞）。二苯并[a,h]蒽（DahA）和芴（Flo）的含量达到了对生物群有不利影响的水平。特定多环芳烃的诊断比值主要由高分子量成分主导，特别是 DahA，其对总高致癌物质（苯并[b]荧蒽（BbF）和 Flo）的贡献达到 81.78%。潜在生态风险因素（ERi）和监测参数获得的高相对标准偏差（RSD）（高达 245%）证实了工业、城市废水和农业对该地区的周期性人为影响。在所有监测点中，发现无机污染的最高浓度是镉（440-831mg/kg），湖东部的铜（439mg/kg），湖北部的铜（388mg/kg）和汞（771mg/kg）。基于主成分分析（PCA/FA）的因子分析，砷和菲（Phe）具有显著的负荷（分别为 0.808 和 0.907）。通过三维因子图，砷与多环芳烃、苊（Pyr）和矿物油的总和的关联也证实了砷与有机人为污染源的联系，这是由金属还原微生物作为有机（甲基化）形式将砷迁移的理论所证实的，这一过程受到菲的加速。根据欧盟国家和地区的数据结果，本研究建议在应用欧洲水框架指令（WFD）的范围内，将铜、砷、二苯并[a,h]蒽和芴列入优先污染物清单。
