Knight Bridget A, Shields Beverley M, He Xuemei, Pearce Elizabeth N, Braverman Lewis E, Sturley Rachel, Vaidya Bijay
NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Research & Development Department, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 Mar;86(3):451-455. doi: 10.1111/cen.13268. Epub 2016 Dec 2.
Iodine deficiency in pregnancy may impair foetal neurological development. The UK population is generally thought to be iodine sufficient; however, recent studies have questioned this assumption. Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of iodine deficiency in a cohort of pregnant mothers from South-West England.
Urine samples were obtained from 308 women participating in a study of breech presentation in late pregnancy. They had no known thyroid disease and a singleton pregnancy at 36-38 weeks' gestation. Samples were analysed for urinary iodine concentrations (UIC). Baseline data included age, parity, smoking status, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) at booking, prenatal vitamin use and a dietary questionnaire. There was no difference in median UIC between women with (n = 156) or without (n = 152) a breech presentation (P = 0·3), so subsequent analyses were carried out as a combined group.
Participants had a mean (SD) age 31(5) years, median (IQR) BMI 24·4 (22·0, 28·3) kg/m ; 42% were primiparous, 10% smoked during pregnancy, and 35% took iodine-containing vitamins. Ninety-six per cent were Caucasian. Median (IQR) UIC was 88·0 (54·3, 157·5) μg/l, which is consistent with iodine deficiency by WHO criteria. A total of 224/308 (73%) of women had UIC values <150 μg/l. Increasing milk intake was associated with higher UIC (P = 0·02). There was no difference in median (IQR) UIC between those women who took iodine-containing vitamins (n = 108) and those who did not (n = 200): 88 (54, 168) vs 88 (54, 150) μg/l, P = 0·7.
Iodine deficiency in pregnancy is common in South-West England. Measures to develop optimum prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed.
孕期碘缺乏可能会损害胎儿的神经发育。英国人群一般被认为碘摄入充足；然而，最近的研究对这一假设提出了质疑。我们的研究旨在探究英格兰西南部一组怀孕母亲碘缺乏的患病率。
从308名参与晚期臀位妊娠研究的女性中获取尿液样本。她们没有已知的甲状腺疾病，且为单胎妊娠，孕周在36 - 38周。对样本进行尿碘浓度（UIC）分析。基线数据包括年龄、产次、吸烟状况、种族、孕早期体重指数（BMI）、产前维生素使用情况以及一份饮食问卷。有臀位妊娠的女性（n = 156）和无臀位妊娠的女性（n = 152）的UIC中位数无差异（P = 0·3），因此后续分析作为一个合并组进行。
参与者的平均（标准差）年龄为31（5）岁，BMI中位数（四分位间距）为24·4（22·0，28·3）kg/m²；42%为初产妇，10%在孕期吸烟，35%服用含碘维生素。96%为白种人。UIC中位数（四分位间距）为88·0（54·3，157·5）μg/l，根据世界卫生组织标准，这与碘缺乏相符。共有224/308（73%）的女性UIC值<150 μg/l。牛奶摄入量增加与较高的UIC相关（P = 0·02）。服用含碘维生素的女性（n = 108）和未服用的女性（n = 200）的UIC中位数（四分位间距）无差异：88（54，168）μg/l对88（54，150）μg/l，P = 0·7。
孕期碘缺乏在英格兰西南部很常见。迫切需要制定最佳预防和治疗策略的措施。
