Salazar Nuria, Valdés-Varela Lorena, González Sonia, Gueimonde Miguel, de Los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G
a Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products , Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC) , Asturias , Spain.
b Department of Functional Biology , University of Oviedo , Asturias , Spain.
Gut Microbes. 2017 Mar 4;8(2):82-97. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1256525. Epub 2016 Nov 3.
The gut microbiota is the assembly of microorganisms living in our intestine and their genomes are known as the microbiome. The correct composition and functionality of this microbiome is essential for maintaining a "healthy status." Aging is related to changes in the gut microbiota which are frequently associated with physiological modifications of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as, to changes in dietary patterns, together with a concomitant decline in cognitive and immune function, all together contributing to frailty. Therefore, nutritional strategies directed at restoring the microbiota in the elderly have to be addressed from a global perspective, considering not only the microbiota but also other extra-intestinal targets of action. The present review aims at summarizing the current knowledge on intestinal microbiota alterations and other functions impaired in the elderly and to analyze tools for implementing nutritional strategies, through the use of probiotics, prebiotics or specific nutrients in order to counterbalance such alterations.
肠道微生物群是生活在我们肠道中的微生物集合，其基因组被称为微生物组。这种微生物组的正确组成和功能对于维持“健康状态”至关重要。衰老与肠道微生物群的变化有关，这些变化通常与胃肠道的生理改变以及饮食模式的变化相关，同时还伴随着认知和免疫功能的下降，所有这些共同导致身体虚弱。因此，针对恢复老年人微生物群的营养策略必须从全球角度来考虑，不仅要考虑微生物群，还要考虑其他肠道外的作用靶点。本综述旨在总结目前关于老年人肠道微生物群改变和其他受损功能的知识，并分析通过使用益生菌、益生元或特定营养素来实施营养策略以平衡这些改变的工具。
