Bullon Pedro, Marin-Aguilar Fabiola, Roman-Malo Lourdes
Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Dental School, University of Seville, C/Avicena s/n, Seville, 41009, Spain.
Departament of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, c/Avicena s/n, Seville, 41009, Spain.
Exp Suppl. 2016;107:129-152. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_6.
The obtaining of nutrients is the most important task in our lives. Energy is central to life's evolutions; this was one of the aspect that induced the selection of the more adaptable and more energetically profitable species. Nowadays things have changed in our modern society. A high proportion of people has access to plenty amount of food and the obesity appear as one of the pathological characteristics of our society. Energy is obtained essentially in the mitochondria with the transfer of protons across the inner membrane that produce ATP. The exactly regulation of the synthesis and degradation of ATP (ATP ↔ ADP + phosphate) is essential to all form of life. This task is performed by the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). mtDNA is highly exposed to oxidative damage and could play a central role in human health and disease. This high potential rate of abnormalities is controlled by one of the most complex mechanism: the autophagy. AMPK appears to be the key cellular energy sensor involved in multiple cellular mechanisms and is essential to have a good metabolic homeostasis to face all the aggression and start the inflammatory reaction. Therefore its disturbances have been related with multiple diseases. Recent findings support the role of AMPK in inflammation and immunity such as Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Diabetes. All these Metabolic Disorders are considered pandemics and they need an adequate control and prevention. One important way to achieve it is deepen in the pathogenic mechanisms. Mitochondria and AMPK are the key elements through which it happen, their knowledge and research allow us to a better management. The discovery and use of drugs that can modulate them is imperative to improve our way of manage the metabolic disorders.
获取营养是我们生活中最重要的任务。能量是生命进化的核心；这是促使选择更具适应性和能量利用效率更高的物种的一个方面。如今，在我们的现代社会中情况已经发生了变化。很大一部分人能够获取大量食物，肥胖成为我们社会的病理特征之一。能量主要在线粒体中通过质子跨内膜转移产生ATP来获得。ATP（ATP ↔ ADP + 磷酸）合成与降解的精确调节对所有生命形式都至关重要。这项任务由5'腺苷单磷酸激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）执行。线粒体DNA极易受到氧化损伤，并且可能在人类健康和疾病中发挥核心作用。这种高异常发生率由最复杂的机制之一——自噬来控制。AMPK似乎是参与多种细胞机制的关键细胞能量传感器，对于维持良好的代谢稳态以应对所有侵害并启动炎症反应至关重要。因此，其功能紊乱与多种疾病相关。最近的研究结果支持了AMPK在炎症和免疫中的作用，如代谢综合征、肥胖症和糖尿病。所有这些代谢紊乱都被视为大流行病，它们需要得到适当的控制和预防。实现这一目标的一个重要途径是深入研究其致病机制。线粒体和AMPK是其中的关键因素，对它们的了解和研究使我们能够更好地进行管理。发现和使用能够调节它们的药物对于改善我们管理代谢紊乱的方式至关重要。
