Nhu Trang T, Schaubroeck Thomas, Henriksson Patrik J G, Bosma Roel, Sorgeloos Patrick, Dewulf Jo
Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
Environ Pollut. 2016 Dec;219:156-165. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.006. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Pangasius production in Vietnam is widely known as a success story in aquaculture, the fastest growing global food system because of its tremendous expansion by volume, value and the number of international markets to which Pangasius has been exported in recent years. While certification schemes are becoming significant features of international fish trade and marketing, an increasing number of Pangasius producers have followed at least one of the certification schemes recognised by international markets to incorporate environmental and social sustainability practices in aquaculture, typically the Pangasius Aquaculture Dialogue (PAD) scheme certified by the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC). An assessment of the environmental benefit of applying certification schemes on Pangasius production, however, is still needed. This article compared the environmental impact of ASC-certified versus non-ASC certified intensive Pangasius aquaculture, using a statistically supported LCA. We focused on both resource-related (water, land and total resources) and emissions-related (global warming, acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication) categories. The ASC certification scheme was shown to be a good approach for determining adequate environmental sustainability, especially concerning emissions-related categories, in Pangasius production. However, the non-ASC certified farms, due to the large spread, the impact (e.g., water resources and freshwater eutrophication) was possibly lower for a certain farm. However, this result was not generally prominent. Further improvements in intensive Pangasius production to inspire certification schemes are proposed, e.g., making the implementation of certification schemes more affordable, well-oriented and facilitated; reducing consumed feed amounts and of the incorporated share in fishmeal, especially domestic fishmeal, etc. However, their implementation should be vetted with key stakeholders to assess their feasibility.
越南的巴沙鱼养殖在水产养殖领域堪称一个成功范例。水产养殖是全球发展最快的食品体系，近年来巴沙鱼的产量、产值以及出口的国际市场数量都有了大幅增长。虽然认证计划正逐渐成为国际鱼类贸易和营销的重要特征，但越来越多的巴沙鱼养殖户至少遵循了一种国际市场认可的认证计划，以便在水产养殖中纳入环境和社会可持续发展实践，其中典型的是由水产养殖管理委员会（ASC）认证的巴沙鱼水产养殖对话（PAD）计划。然而，仍需评估认证计划对巴沙鱼养殖的环境效益。本文采用有统计依据的生命周期评估法，比较了ASC认证和非ASC认证的集约化巴沙鱼养殖的环境影响。我们关注了与资源相关的类别（水、土地和总资源）以及与排放相关的类别（全球变暖、酸化、淡水和海洋富营养化）。结果表明，ASC认证计划是确定巴沙鱼养殖中适当环境可持续性的良好方法，尤其是在与排放相关的类别方面。然而，对于非ASC认证的养殖场，由于差异较大，某个养殖场的影响（如水资源和淡水富营养化）可能较低。不过，这一结果并不普遍显著。文章还提出了进一步改进集约化巴沙鱼养殖以推动认证计划的建议，例如使认证计划的实施更经济实惠、更具针对性且更便利；减少饲料消耗量以及鱼粉（特别是国产鱼粉）的掺入比例等。然而，这些建议的实施应与关键利益相关者进行审查，以评估其可行性。
