Gotland University, Cramérgatan 3, 621 67, Visby, Sweden,
Ambio. 2013 Oct;42(6):659-74. doi: 10.1007/s13280-013-0409-3. Epub 2013 Apr 23.
Eco-certification is widely considered a tool for reducing environmental impacts of aquaculture, but what are the likely environmental outcomes for the world's fastest growing animal-food production sector? This article analyzes a number of eco-certification schemes based on species choice, anticipated share of the global seafood market, size of eligible producers, and targeted environmental impacts. The potential of eco-certification to reduce the negative environmental impacts of aquaculture at scale presently appears uncertain as: (a) certification schemes currently focus on species predominantly consumed in the EU and US, with limited coverage of Asian markets; (b) the share of certified products in the market as currently projected is too low; (c) there is an inequitable and non-uniform applicability of certification across the sector; (d) mechanisms or incentives for improvement among the worst performers are lacking; and (e) there is incomplete coverage of environmental impacts, with biophysical sustainability and ecosystem perspectives generally lacking.
生态认证被广泛认为是减少水产养殖环境影响的一种手段，但对于全球增长最快的动物食品生产行业，其可能带来的环境结果是什么？本文基于物种选择、预期的全球海鲜市场份额、合格生产者的规模以及目标环境影响，分析了一些生态认证计划。生态认证在大规模减少水产养殖的负面影响方面的潜力目前似乎不确定，原因是：（a）认证计划目前主要集中在欧盟和美国消费的物种上，对亚洲市场的覆盖有限；（b）目前预测的认证产品在市场中的份额太低；（c）认证在整个行业的适用存在不平等和不一致；（d）缺乏针对表现最差者的改进机制或激励措施；以及（e）环境影响的覆盖范围不完整，通常缺乏生物物理可持续性和生态系统视角。
