Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Apr 25;10:50. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-50.
Much research has been conducted into the determinants of physical activity (PA) participation among adolescent girls. However, the more specific question of what are the determinants of particular forms of PA participation, such as the link between participation through a sports club, has not been investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between participation in a sports club and socio-economic status (SES), access to facilities, and family and peer support, for female adolescents.
A survey of 732 female adolescent school students (521 metropolitan, 211 non-metropolitan; 489 Year 7, 243 Year 11) was conducted. The survey included demographic information (living arrangements, ethnicity indicators, and indicators of SES such as parental education and employment status and locality); access to facilities; and family and peer support (travel, encouragement, watching, praise, joint participation). For each characteristic, sports club participants and non-participants were compared using chi-square tests. Multiple mediation analyses were used to investigate the role of access, family and peer support in the link between SES and sport participation.
There were significant associations (p<0.05) between sports club participation and: all demographic characteristics; all measures of family and peer support; and access to sport-related facilities. Highest levels of participation were associated with monolingual Australian-born families, with two parents, at least one of whom was well-educated, with both parents employed, and high levels of parental assistance, engagement and support. Participation in club sport among both younger and older adolescent girls was significantly positively associated with the SES of both their neighbourhoods and their households, particularly in metropolitan areas. These associations were most strongly mediated by family support and by access to facilities.
To facilitate and promote greater participation in club sport among adolescent girls from low SES neighbourhoods and households, strategies should target modifiable determinants such as facility access and parental support. This will involve improving access to sports facilities and promoting, encouraging and assisting parents to provide support for their daughters' participation in sport clubs.
大量研究已经探讨了青少年女性参与身体活动（PA）的决定因素。然而，更具体的问题是，例如通过体育俱乐部参与的联系，特定形式的 PA 参与的决定因素是什么，尚未得到调查。因此，本研究旨在调查女青少年参与体育俱乐部与社会经济地位（SES）、设施获取以及家庭和同伴支持之间的关系。
对 732 名女青少年学校学生（521 名大都市，211 名非大都市；489 名 7 年级，243 名 11 年级）进行了调查。该调查包括人口统计信息（居住安排、族裔指标以及 SES 指标，如父母教育和就业状况以及地理位置）；设施获取；以及家庭和同伴支持（旅行、鼓励、观看、表扬、共同参与）。对于每个特征，使用卡方检验比较体育俱乐部参与者和非参与者。使用多重中介分析来研究 SES 与运动参与之间的联系中设施获取、家庭和同伴支持的作用。
体育俱乐部参与与以下各项之间存在显著关联（p<0.05）：所有人口特征；所有家庭和同伴支持措施；以及与运动相关的设施获取。最高水平的参与与单语澳大利亚出生家庭、父母双方、至少其中一方受过良好教育、父母双方都有工作以及父母的帮助、参与和支持程度高有关。在年轻和年长的少女中，俱乐部运动的参与与她们所在社区和家庭的 SES 呈显著正相关，尤其是在大都市地区。这些关联主要通过家庭支持和设施获取来介导。
为了促进和促进来自低 SES 社区和家庭的少女更多地参与俱乐部运动，策略应针对可修改的决定因素，例如设施获取和父母支持。这将涉及改善体育设施的获取，并促进、鼓励和协助父母为女儿参与体育俱乐部提供支持。
