Newman Susan D, Li Chao, Krause James S
College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina.
College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina.
Rehabil Psychol. 2016 Nov;61(4):408-416. doi: 10.1037/rep0000112.
The purpose of this study was to develop and test a conceptual model of social isolation, incorporating social disconnectedness (objective measures) and perceived isolation (subjective appraisals) in an aging sample of participants with spinal cord injury (SCI).
The study used cross-sectional data from 768 participants from the most recent administration of the SCI Longitudinal Aging Study, which was initiated in 1973. Measures included the revised version of the Life Situation Questionnaire, items from the Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique, and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Indicators of social isolation were combined into scales assessing social disconnectedness and perceived isolation. We tested the hypothesized model of social isolation, including both social disconnectedness and perceived isolation, after SCI using structural equation modeling.
Results of structural equation modeling indicated good fit between the hypothesized model and data (root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.073, 90% confidence interval [0.070, 0.075]; comparative fit index = 0.949; Tucker Lewis Index = 0.946). Perceived isolation was significantly related with social disconnectedness (standardized coefficient [r] = .610). Several exogenous factors were significantly related to social disconnectedness and perceived isolation. Older participants were more likely to report lower levels of perceived isolation. Time since injury demonstrated an inverse relationship with both social disconnectedness and perceived isolation. Higher level and severity of injury were associated with higher levels of social disconnectedness.
Our study establishes a stable model of social isolation to guide future research exploring the effect of social isolation on health after SCI. (PsycINFO Database Record
本研究旨在开发并测试一个社会隔离的概念模型，该模型纳入了脊髓损伤（SCI）老年参与者样本中的社会脱节（客观测量）和感知隔离（主观评估）。
本研究使用了来自1973年启动的SCI纵向老龄化研究最近一次管理的768名参与者的横断面数据。测量方法包括修订版的生活状况问卷、克雷格残疾评估报告技术中的项目以及患者报告结果测量信息系统。社会隔离指标被合并到评估社会脱节和感知隔离的量表中。我们使用结构方程模型测试了SCI后包括社会脱节和感知隔离的社会隔离假设模型。
结构方程模型结果表明假设模型与数据拟合良好（近似均方根误差 = 0.073，90%置信区间[0.070, 0.075]；比较拟合指数 = 0.949；塔克·刘易斯指数 = 0.946）。感知隔离与社会脱节显著相关（标准化系数[r] = 0.610）。几个外生因素与社会脱节和感知隔离显著相关。年龄较大的参与者更有可能报告较低水平的感知隔离。受伤后的时间与社会脱节和感知隔离均呈反比关系。损伤的更高水平和严重程度与更高水平的社会脱节相关。
我们的研究建立了一个稳定的社会隔离模型，以指导未来探索SCI后社会隔离对健康影响的研究。（PsycINFO数据库记录
