Intramedullary nailing with supplemental plate and screw fixation of long bones of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: operative technique and preliminary results.

Although intramedullary fixation is the standard form of surgical fixation of the long bones of children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), it remains fraught with complications. Implant breakage, implant cut out, long bone fracture, nonunion, and rod bending have all been described as complications of intramedullary long bone fixation in children with OI. Supplemental fixation techniques represent an attempt to decrease these risks of surgical implant failure of intramedullary devices. A supplemental plate and screw construct at a fracture or an osteotomy site in addition to an intramedullary device in the long bone segment is one such form of supplemental fixation. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical technique and early results of plate and screw fixation used to supplement intramedullary fixation in a subset of our OI patient population. This is a retrospective review and report on 14 long bone segments of 11 children with OI who have undergone intramedullary fixation as well as supplemental fixation at osteotomy or fracture sites with a plate and screw construct. The long bone segments treated with intramedullary fixation and a supplemental plate and screw construct included 11 femurs, two tibias, and one humerus. Intramedullary devices included a combination of telescoping and nontelescoping implants. The mean follow-up duration was 10 months. All 14 long bone segments have gone on to radiographic union. The average time to union was 8.8 weeks (range: 6.5-17 weeks). In 11 of the long bone segments, the supplemental plate fixation was applied to the site of a fracture or osteotomy. In one case, supplemental plate fixation was applied to the site of a nonunion (distal humerus nonunion). We describe various options of this surgical technique and early results. Although further follow-up and investigation will provide further insight into long-term outcomes, supplemental plate and screw fixation is a valuable and versatile option for this challenging patient population.