Stacchi Claudio, Berton Federico, Perinetti Giuseppe, Frassetto Andrea, Lombardi Teresa, Khoury Aiman, Andolsek Francesca, Di Lenarda Roberto
Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste Italy.
Private Practice, Cassano allo Ionio Italy.
J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2016 Sep 9;7(3):e3. doi: 10.5037/jomr.2016.7303. eCollection 2016 Jul-Sep.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate whether history of periodontitis and smoking habits could represent a risk factor for peri-implantitis and implant loss.
This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at the PROSPERO database [registration numbers CRD42016034160 (effect of history of periodontitis) and CRD42016033676 (effect of smoking)]. Broad electronic (MEDLINE) and manual searches were conducted among articles published from January 1 1990 up to December 31 2015, resulting in 49332 records for history of periodontitis and 3199 for smoking habits. Selection criteria included prospective studies comparing two cohorts of patients, with and without the investigated risk factor, with a minimum follow-up period of three years, and reporting data on peri-implantitis and implant loss occurrence. Considering that only prospective studies were included, dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Three studies evaluating history of periodontitis (on which quantitative analysis was performed) and one study on smoking effect were included. Both implant and patient-based meta-analyses revealed a significantly higher risk of developing peri-implantitis in patients with a history of periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy subjects, but not a statistically significant increased risk for implant loss.
The outcomes of this systematic review indicate history of periodontitis as a possible risk factor for peri-implantitis, while insufficient data are present in literature to evaluate the role of smoking. However, available evidence is still weak and immature, and sound epidemiological studies are needed to analyse the specific contribution of these potential risk factors.
本综述旨在评估牙周炎病史和吸烟习惯是否可能成为种植体周围炎和种植体脱落的危险因素。
本系统综述遵循PRISMA指南，并在PROSPERO数据库中注册[注册号CRD42016034160（牙周炎病史的影响）和CRD42016033676（吸烟的影响）]。对1990年1月1日至2015年12月31日发表的文章进行了广泛的电子（MEDLINE）检索和手工检索，结果得到49332条关于牙周炎病史的记录和3199条关于吸烟习惯的记录。选择标准包括前瞻性研究，比较两组有和没有所研究危险因素的患者队列，最短随访期为三年，并报告种植体周围炎和种植体脱落发生的数据。鉴于仅纳入前瞻性研究，二分数据以风险比和95%置信区间表示。
纳入了三项评估牙周炎病史的研究（进行了定量分析）和一项关于吸烟影响的研究。基于种植体和患者的荟萃分析均显示，与牙周健康受试者相比，有牙周炎病史的患者发生种植体周围炎的风险显著更高，但种植体脱落风险的增加无统计学意义。
本系统综述的结果表明，牙周炎病史可能是种植体周围炎的一个危险因素，而文献中评估吸烟作用的数据不足。然而，现有证据仍然薄弱且不成熟，需要进行完善的流行病学研究来分析这些潜在危险因素的具体作用。
