de Oliveira Galvão Marcos Felipe, de Queiroz Jana Dara Freires, Duarte Ediclê de Souza Fernandes, Hoelzemann Judith Johanna, de André Paulo Afonso, Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento, Menezes Filho José Antônio, Batistuzzo de Medeiros Silvia Regina
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Jan;220(Pt A):659-671. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.024. Epub 2016 Nov 10.
The present study is the first assessment of occupational risk associated with artisanal cashew nut roasting using exposure and effect biomarkers, as well as a characterization and dispersion analysis of the released particulate matter (PM). A real-time particle monitor was used to quantify PM, PM and PM. Furthermore, the PM was sampled using a Handi-vol sampler, and the physicochemical characteristics were determined by SEM-EDS analysis. Trajectories, dispersion and deposition of the emitted material were calculated using the NOAA-HYSPLIT model. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels were analyzed by HPLC. DNA damage, chromosomal instability and cell death were measured by a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt). The PM concentrations for all measurements in the exposed area were higher than in the non-exposed area. SEM-EDS analyses exhibited a wide variety of particles, and K, Cl, S and Ca biomass burning tracers were the major inorganic compounds. In addition, atmospheric modeling analysis suggested that these particles can reach regions farther away than 40 kilometers. Occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure was confirmed by increases in 1-OHP levels in cashew nut workers. Frequencies of BMCyt biomarkers of genotoxicity (micronuclei and nuclear bud) and cytotoxicity (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis and condensed chromatin) were higher in the exposed group compared with the controls. The influence of factors, such as age, on the micronuclei frequencies was demonstrated, and a correlation between 1-OHP and micronuclei was observed. To the best of our knowledge, no other study has demonstrated a correlation between these types of biomarkers. The use of exposure (1-OHP) and effect (BMCyt) biomarkers were therefore efficient in assessing the occupational risk associated with artisanal cashew nut roasting, and the high rates of PM are considered to be a potential contributor to this effect.
本研究首次使用暴露和效应生物标志物对与手工腰果烘烤相关的职业风险进行评估，并对释放的颗粒物（PM）进行表征和扩散分析。使用实时颗粒监测仪对PM、PM和PM进行量化。此外，使用手持式采样器对PM进行采样，并通过扫描电子显微镜-能谱分析（SEM-EDS）确定其理化特性。使用美国国家海洋和大气管理局-混合单粒子拉格朗日积分轨迹模型（NOAA-HYSPLIT）计算排放物质的轨迹、扩散和沉降。通过高效液相色谱法分析尿中1-羟基芘（1-OHP）水平。通过口腔微核细胞分析法（BMCyt）测量DNA损伤、染色体不稳定性和细胞死亡。暴露区域所有测量的PM浓度均高于非暴露区域。SEM-EDS分析显示出各种各样的颗粒，钾、氯、硫和钙等生物质燃烧示踪剂是主要的无机化合物。此外，大气模型分析表明，这些颗粒可以到达距离超过40公里的区域。腰果工人1-OHP水平升高证实了职业性多环芳烃暴露。与对照组相比，暴露组中遗传毒性（微核和核芽）和细胞毒性（核固缩、核溶解、核碎裂和染色质浓缩）的BMCyt生物标志物频率更高。证明了年龄等因素对微核频率的影响，并观察到1-OHP与微核之间的相关性。据我们所知，没有其他研究证明这些类型的生物标志物之间存在相关性。因此，使用暴露（1-OHP）和效应（BMCyt）生物标志物可有效评估与手工腰果烘烤相关的职业风险，且高浓度的PM被认为是造成这种影响的一个潜在因素。
