Everatt R, Zolubiene E, Grassi M C
Department of Research, Centre of Public Health Technologies, Institute of Hygiene, Didzioji g. 22, LT-01128 Vilnius, Lithuania - 2Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, P. Baublio 3B, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Research, Centre of Public Health Technologies, Institute of Hygiene, Didzioji g. 22, LT-01128 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Clin Ter. 2016 Sep-Oct;167(5):161-167.
Relatively low proportion of ex-smokers and high rates of smoking-related diseases are estimated in Lithuania. The aim of this survey was to assess the extent of smoking cessation assistance among family doctors in Lithuania, and to identify factors associated with cessation interventions.
Data were collected using a questionnaire addressing family doctors' cessation assistance practice; knowledge of smoking epidemiology and health effects; knowledge of cessation assistance guidelines; smoking status; and attendance on Courses/Conferences on Smoking and smoking cessation Assistance (CCSA). The study included 718 family doctors in Lithuania in 2014.
The results show that 23% of family doctors always ask their patients about smoking habits. Although 59% of family doctors always advise smoking patients to quit smoking, only 26% recommend a follow-up appointment, 22% refer for a specialized smoking cessation treatment, 15% prescribe nicotine replacement therapy, and 6% prescribe Varenicline or Bupropion. The study demonstrated limited knowledge of family doctors in relation to epidemiological aspects of tobacco use and effective cessation assistance methods. Cessation assistance is influenced by family doctors' age, smoking status, knowledge of cessation assistance guidelines and CCSA attendance.
Effective training of family doctors' in smoking epidemiology, health hazards and in smoking cessation assistance is warranted in Lithuania. In addition, coordinated efforts in primary health care institutions are required to improve help for smokers who intend to quit.
据估计，立陶宛已戒烟者的比例相对较低，且与吸烟相关疾病的发病率较高。本次调查的目的是评估立陶宛家庭医生提供戒烟援助的程度，并确定与戒烟干预相关的因素。
通过一份问卷收集数据，该问卷涉及家庭医生的戒烟援助实践；吸烟流行病学和健康影响的知识；戒烟援助指南的知识；吸烟状况；以及参加吸烟与戒烟援助课程/会议（CCSA）的情况。该研究纳入了2014年立陶宛的718名家庭医生。
结果显示，23%的家庭医生总是询问患者的吸烟习惯。尽管59%的家庭医生总是建议吸烟患者戒烟，但只有26%建议进行随访预约，22%转诊至专门的戒烟治疗，15%开具尼古丁替代疗法，6%开具伐尼克兰或安非他酮。该研究表明，家庭医生在烟草使用的流行病学方面以及有效的戒烟援助方法方面的知识有限。戒烟援助受到家庭医生的年龄、吸烟状况、戒烟援助指南的知识以及参加CCSA情况的影响。
在立陶宛，有必要对家庭医生进行吸烟流行病学、健康危害以及戒烟援助方面的有效培训。此外，初级卫生保健机构需要共同努力，为打算戒烟的吸烟者提供更好的帮助。
