Mushiake Hajime, Shima Keisetsu
Department of physiology, Tohoku Graduate School of Medicine.
Brain Nerve. 2016 Nov;68(11):1271-1282. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416200591.
Motor areas in the frontal cortex are classified into medial and lateral functional groups. The dorsal premotor areas in the lateral groups are involved in motor guidance based on behavioral rules. The ventral premotor cortex contributes to motor guidance relying on spatial aspects of sensory information. The supplementary motor complex in the medial groups is related to the bimanual and temporal organization of multiple motor acts. The cingulate motor area is involved in motor control based on reward-prediction errors. The supplementary eye field is involved in monitoring performance and the adjustment of sequential visual search. The motor areas are coordinated in a context-dependent manner, influenced by top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex and by bottom-up signals from the parietal cortex, which are also organized into the lateral and medial functional groups. Evidence suggests that the medial and lateral functional groups are balanced by the insula cortex and anterior cingulate cortex which serve as salience detectors for changes in bodily states.
额叶皮质中的运动区可分为内侧和外侧功能组。外侧组中的背侧运动前区参与基于行为规则的运动引导。腹侧运动前皮质依靠感觉信息的空间方面来促进运动引导。内侧组中的辅助运动复合体与多个运动行为的双手协调和时间组织有关。扣带回运动区参与基于奖励预测误差的运动控制。辅助眼区参与监测表现和调整连续视觉搜索。运动区以上下文依赖的方式进行协调，受到来自前额叶皮质的自上而下信号以及来自顶叶皮质的自下而上信号的影响，顶叶皮质也分为外侧和内侧功能组。有证据表明，内侧和外侧功能组由脑岛皮质和前扣带回皮质平衡，它们作为身体状态变化的显著性检测器。
