Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
RTI International, Berkeley, California, USA.
Tob Control. 2017 Dec;26(e2):e97-e105. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053406. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing rapidly. Chinese pharmacist Hon Lik is frequently cited as inventing the modern e-cigarette in 2003. However, tobacco companies have developed electronic nicotine delivery systems since at least 1963.
We searched the University of California San Francisco Truth (formerly Legacy) Tobacco Industry Documents beginning with the terms 'electric cigarette' and 'electronic cigarettes', 'e-cigarette', 'smokeless cigarettes', 'nicotine aerosol', 'tobacco aerosol', and 'vaping' and then expanded the search using snowball sampling. We focused our analysis on Philip Morris (PM) documents discussing technology that aerosolised a nicotine solution because these devices resembled modern e-cigarettes. Over 1000 documents were reviewed; 40 were included in the final analysis.
PM started developing a nicotine aerosol device in 1990 to address the health concerns and decreased social acceptability of smoking that were leading smokers to switch to nicotine replacement therapy. PM had developed a capillary aerosol generator that embodied basic e-cigarette technology in 1994, but in the mid-to-late 1990s focused on applying its aerosol technology to pharmaceutical applications because of uncertainty of how such products might affect potential Food and Drug Administration regulation of tobacco products. In 2001, PM resumed its work on a nicotine aerosol device, and in 2013, NuMark (a division of Altria, PM's parent company) released the MarkTen, a nicotine aerosol device.
Rather than a disruptive technology, PM developed e-cigarette technology to complement, not compete with, conventional cigarettes and evade tobacco control regulations.
电子烟的使用正在迅速增加。中国药剂师韩力经常被引用为在 2003 年发明了现代电子烟。然而，烟草公司自至少 1963 年以来就一直在开发电子尼古丁输送系统。
我们从加州大学旧金山真相（前身为遗产）烟草行业文档开始搜索，使用了“电子烟”和“电子香烟”、“电子烟”、“无烟香烟”、“尼古丁气雾剂”、“烟草气雾剂”和“蒸气”等术语，然后使用滚雪球抽样法扩展了搜索。我们将分析重点放在菲利普莫里斯（PM）文件上，这些文件讨论了使尼古丁溶液雾化的技术，因为这些设备类似于现代电子烟。我们审查了 1000 多份文件，最终分析了 40 份文件。
PM 于 1990 年开始开发尼古丁气雾剂装置，以解决吸烟引起的健康问题和社会接受度下降，这些问题促使吸烟者转而使用尼古丁替代疗法。PM 已经开发出一种毛细管气溶胶发生器，该发生器在 1994 年体现了基本的电子烟技术，但在 90 年代中后期，由于对这些产品可能会如何影响潜在的食品和药物管理局对烟草产品的监管存在不确定性，其重点是将其气溶胶技术应用于制药应用。2001 年，PM 恢复了对尼古丁气雾剂装置的研究，2013 年，Altria（PM 的母公司）的子公司 NuMark 发布了 MarkTen，这是一种尼古丁气雾剂装置。
PM 并没有开发出颠覆性技术的电子烟技术，而是为了补充而不是竞争传统香烟，并规避烟草控制法规。
