Bloomfield Michael A P, Ashok Abhishekh H, Volkow Nora D, Howes Oliver D
Psychiatric Imaging Group, Robert Steiner MR Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
Psychiatric Imaging Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
Nature. 2016 Nov 17;539(7629):369-377. doi: 10.1038/nature20153.
The effects of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, are a pressing concern for global mental health. Patterns of cannabis use are changing drastically owing to legalization, the availability of synthetic analogues (commonly termed spice), cannavaping and an emphasis on the purported therapeutic effects of cannabis. Many of the reinforcing effects of THC are mediated by the dopamine system. Owing to the complexity of the cannabinoid-dopamine interactions that take place, there is conflicting evidence from human and animal studies concerning the effects of THC on the dopamine system. Acute THC administration causes increased dopamine release and neuron activity, whereas long-term use is associated with blunting of the dopamine system. Future research must examine the long-term and developmental dopaminergic effects of THC.
δ-四氢大麻酚（THC）是大麻中的主要精神活性成分，其影响是全球心理健康的一个紧迫问题。由于大麻合法化、合成类似物（通常称为香料）的可得性、大麻雾化以及对大麻所谓治疗效果的强调，大麻使用模式正在发生巨大变化。THC的许多强化作用是由多巴胺系统介导的。由于大麻素与多巴胺相互作用的复杂性，关于THC对多巴胺系统影响的人体和动物研究证据相互矛盾。急性给予THC会导致多巴胺释放和神经元活动增加，而长期使用则与多巴胺系统迟钝有关。未来的研究必须考察THC对多巴胺能的长期和发育影响。
