Kraemer William J, Ratamess Nicholas A, Nindl Bradley C
Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;
Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey; and.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Mar 1;122(3):549-558. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00599.2016. Epub 2016 Nov 17.
The complexity and redundancy of the endocrine pathways during recovery related to anabolic function in the body belie an oversimplistic approach to its study. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of resistance exercise (RE) on the recovery responses of three major anabolic hormones, testosterone, growth hormone(s), and insulin-like growth factor 1. Each hormone has a complexity related to differential pathways of action as well as interactions with binding proteins and receptor interactions. Testosterone is the primary anabolic hormone, and its concentration changes during the recovery period depending on the upregulation or downregulation of the androgen receptor. Multiple tissues beyond skeletal muscle are targeted under hormonal control and play critical roles in metabolism and physiological function. Growth hormone (GH) demonstrates differential increases in recovery with RE based on the type of GH being assayed and workout being used. IGF-1 shows variable increases in recovery with RE and is intimately linked to a host of binding proteins that are essential to its integrative actions and mediating targeting effects. The RE stress is related to recruitment of muscle tissue with the glandular release of hormones as signals to target tissues to support homeostatic mechanisms for metabolism and tissue repair during the recovery process. Anabolic hormones play a crucial role in the body's response to metabolism, repair, and adaptive capabilities especially in response to anabolic-type RE. Changes of these hormones following RE during recovery in the circulatory biocompartment of blood are reflective of the many mechanisms of action that are in play in the repair and recovery process.
身体恢复过程中与合成代谢功能相关的内分泌途径极为复杂且存在冗余，这表明对其进行研究时采用过于简单的方法是不可取的。本综述的目的是探讨抗阻运动（RE）对三种主要合成代谢激素，即睾酮、生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子1恢复反应的作用。每种激素都有与不同作用途径以及与结合蛋白和受体相互作用相关的复杂性。睾酮是主要的合成代谢激素，其在恢复期的浓度变化取决于雄激素受体的上调或下调。除骨骼肌外，多种组织受激素调控，在代谢和生理功能中发挥关键作用。生长激素（GH）根据所检测的GH类型和所采用的锻炼方式，在恢复过程中呈现不同程度的增加。胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）在恢复过程中随抗阻运动的增加情况各异，并且与许多对其整合作用和介导靶向效应至关重要的结合蛋白密切相关。抗阻运动应激与肌肉组织的募集有关，激素的腺性释放作为信号作用于靶组织，以支持恢复过程中代谢和组织修复的稳态机制。合成代谢激素在身体对代谢、修复和适应能力的反应中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是对合成代谢型抗阻运动的反应。在血液的循环生物区室中，恢复期抗阻运动后这些激素的变化反映了修复和恢复过程中起作用的多种作用机制。
