San Luis, Marksteiner Josef, Zwanzger Peter, Figuero María Aragüés, Romero Francisco Toledo, Kyropoulos Grigorios, Peixoto Alberto Bessa, Chirita Roxana, Boldeanu Anca
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Barcelona, Spain.
LKH Hall, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Milser Strasse 10-12. A-6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2016 Oct 27;12:75-86. doi: 10.2174/1745017901612010075. eCollection 2016.
Agitation is an array of syndromes and types of behaviors that are common in patients with psychiatric disorders. In Europe, the estimation of prevalence of agitation has been difficult due to the lack of standard studies or systematic data collection done on this syndrome.
An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study aimed to assess the prevalence of agitation episodes in psychiatric emergencies in different European countries.
For 1 week, all episodes of acute agitation that were attended to at the psychiatric emergency room (ER) or Acute Inpatient Unit (AIU) in the 27 participating centers were registered. The clinical characteristics and management of the agitation episode were also described. A descriptive analysis was performed.
A total of 334 agitation episodes out of 7295 psychiatric emergencies were recorded, giving a prevalence rate of 4.6% (95% CI: 4.12-5.08). Of them, 172 [9.4% (95% CI: 8.2-10.9)] were attended at the ER and 162 [2.8% (95% CI: 2.4-3.3)] at AIU. Only data from 165 episodes of agitation (those with a signed informed consent form) was registered and described in this report. The most common psychiatric conditions associated with agitation were schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and personality disorder. The management of agitation included from non-invasive to more coercive measures (mechanical, physical restraint or seclusion) that were unavoidable in more than half of the agitation episodes (59.5%).
The results show that agitation is a common symptom in the clinical practice, both in emergency and inpatient psychiatric departments. Further studies are warranted to better recognize (using a standardized definition) and characterize agitation episodes.
激越表现为一系列综合征及行为类型，在精神障碍患者中很常见。在欧洲，由于缺乏针对该综合征的标准研究或系统数据收集，激越患病率的估计一直很困难。
一项观察性、横断面、多中心研究旨在评估不同欧洲国家精神科急诊中激越发作的患病率。
在1周时间内，对27个参与中心的精神科急诊室（ER）或急性住院单元（AIU）处理的所有急性激越发作进行登记。还描述了激越发作的临床特征及处理情况。进行了描述性分析。
在7295例精神科急诊中，共记录到334例激越发作，患病率为4.6%（95%可信区间：4.12 - 5.08）。其中，172例[9.4%（95%可信区间：8.2 - 10.9）]在急诊室处理，162例[2.8%（95%可信区间：2.4 - 3.3）]在急性住院单元处理。本报告仅登记并描述了165例激越发作的数据（即签署了知情同意书的病例）。与激越相关的最常见精神疾病为精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和人格障碍。激越的处理措施包括从非侵入性到更具强制性的措施（机械约束、身体约束或隔离），超过一半的激越发作（59.5%）不可避免地采用了这些措施。
结果表明，激越是临床实践中的常见症状，在精神科急诊和住院部均如此。有必要开展进一步研究以更好地识别（采用标准化定义）并描述激越发作情况。
