Bloem M W, Wedel M, Egger R J, Speek A J, Chusilp K, Saowakontha S, Schreurs W H
TNO-CIVO Toxicology and Nutrition Institute, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jun;129(6):1095-103. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115231.
An epidemiologic survey of the prevalence of xerophthalmia and vitamin A deficiency was conducted in May and June 1985 in a multistage random sample of 1,772 children 1-8 years of age from 16 rural villages and the capital city of the Sakon Nakhon province in northeastern Thailand. Data of clinical eye examinations were available for 92% (n = 903) of the eligible children aged 1-5 years (n = 982); history of night blindness was obtained from a reliable source from 93% (n = 1,644) of the whole sample; and biochemical data were available for 60% (1,060) of the children examined. The distribution of clinical signs of xerophthalmia and serum retinol levels differed between the rural and urban areas. In the urban area, no signs of xerophthalmia or deficient serum retinol levels were found in the preschool children examined. The prevalence of night blindness in the rural area was 1.3% in children aged 1-5 years (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.7-1.9); Bitot's spots were seen in 0.4% (95% Cl 0.1-1.0); 12.7% (95% Cl 9.9-15.5) showed deficient serum retinol levels (less than 0.35 mumol/liter). Of the children aged 1-8 years, 9.6% (95% Cl 7.8-11.4) showed deficient serum retinol levels. In the rural area, the prevalence of night blindness, Bitot's spots, and deficient serum retinol levels indicates a problem of public health importance according to World Health Organization criteria.
1985年5月和6月，在泰国东北部呵叻府的16个乡村和首府城市中，对1772名1至8岁儿童进行了多阶段随机抽样，开展了干眼病和维生素A缺乏症患病率的流行病学调查。1至5岁符合条件的儿童中有92%（n = 903）（n = 982）有临床眼部检查数据；整个样本中有93%（n = 1644）的儿童从可靠来源获得了夜盲病史；60%（1060名）接受检查的儿童有生化数据。干眼病的临床体征分布和血清视黄醇水平在农村和城市地区有所不同。在城市地区，接受检查的学龄前儿童未发现干眼病体征或血清视黄醇水平不足。农村地区1至5岁儿童的夜盲患病率为1.3%（95%置信区间（Cl）0.7 - 1.9）；毕脱斑的出现率为0.4%（95% Cl 0.1 - 1.0）；12.7%（95% Cl 9.9 - 15.5）的儿童血清视黄醇水平不足（低于0.35微摩尔/升）。1至8岁的儿童中，9.6%（95% Cl 7.8 - 11.4）的儿童血清视黄醇水平不足。根据世界卫生组织的标准，农村地区夜盲、毕脱斑和血清视黄醇水平不足的患病率表明这是一个具有公共卫生重要性的问题。
