Wieland M, Mann S, Guard C L, Nydam D V
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jan;100(1):513-524. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11654. Epub 2016 Nov 17.
The objectives were to investigate the effect of 3 navel dips on (1) umbilical infection, (2) health events (pneumonia, diarrhea, and arthritis), and (3) average daily gain (ADG) in newborn dairy calves. A secondary aim was to compare the agreement of standardized ultrasonographic examination with clinical examination for the diagnosis of umbilical infection. In a randomized block design, newborn calves were assigned by birth order to 3 treatment groups: Navel Guard (NG; SCG-Solutions Inc., McDonough, GA), 7% iodine tincture (SI), and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CH). Treatment consisted of a single dip administration of the umbilicus immediately after removal of the newborn from the calving pen with 1 of the 3 navel dips. Weekly clinical examinations were carried out during the first 4wk of life with special attention being paid to the umbilicus, joints, respiratory tract, and fecal consistency, and included ultrasonographic evaluation of the umbilical structures. Body weight was assessed by using a girth tape at first and last evaluation. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated no statistical differences in umbilical infection or health events. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed statistical differences in ADG (least squares means ± standard errors) between groups, with 494±29, 571±29, and 516±29g/d in groups NG, SI, and CH, respectively. Overall mortality during the study period was 9.5% (n=40). Postmortem examination identified diarrhea (80%) as the main disorder with 19, 4, and 9 calves in groups NG, SI, and CH, respectively. Kappa values yielded fair [0.30 (95% CI: -0.03-0.63)], good [0.61 (95% CI 0.46-0.75)], moderate [0.53 (95% CI 0.31-0.74)], and moderate [0.49 (95% CI 0.19-0.79)] agreement for detection of omphalitis between clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation in wk 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Agreement was very good for detection of omphaloplebitis, with kappa values (95% CI) of 0.91 (0.80-1.00), 0.87 (0.75-0.98), and 0.90 (0.76-1.00) in wk 2, 3, and 4, respectively, when omphalophlebitis was diagnosed. We detected no difference in the effectiveness of the 3 treatments in the prevention of umbilical infection, pneumonia, diarrhea, or arthritis.
本研究旨在探讨3种脐部处理方法对新生奶牛犊牛的影响：（1）脐部感染；（2）健康事件（肺炎、腹泻和关节炎）；（3）平均日增重（ADG）。次要目的是比较标准化超声检查与临床检查在诊断脐部感染方面的一致性。采用随机区组设计，根据出生顺序将新生犊牛分为3个治疗组：脐部卫士（NG；SCG-Solutions公司，佐治亚州麦克多诺）、7%碘酊（SI）和2%葡萄糖酸氯己定（CH）。处理方法为在犊牛从产犊栏移出后，立即用3种脐部处理方法中的1种对脐部进行单次浸泡。在犊牛出生后的前4周每周进行一次临床检查，特别关注脐部、关节、呼吸道和粪便质地，并包括对脐部结构的超声评估。在首次和末次评估时，使用围尺评估体重。多变量逻辑回归显示，脐部感染或健康事件方面无统计学差异。多变量线性回归分析显示，各组之间的ADG（最小二乘均值±标准误）存在统计学差异，NG组、SI组和CH组的ADG分别为494±29、571±29和516±29g/d。研究期间的总体死亡率为9.5%（n = 40）。尸检确定腹泻（80%）为主要疾病，NG组、SI组和CH组分别有19头、4头和9头犊牛患病。在第1、2、3和4周，临床评估与超声评估在检测脐炎方面的Kappa值分别为中等[0.30（95%CI：-0.03 - 0.63）]、良好[0.61（95%CI 0.46 - 0.75）]、中等[0.53（95%CI 0.31 - 0.74）]和中等[0.49（95%CI 0.19 - 0.79）]。在诊断为脐静脉炎时，第2、3和4周检测脐静脉炎的一致性非常好，Kappa值（95%CI）分别为0.91（0.80 - 1.00）、0.87（0.75 - 0.98）和0.90（0.76 - 1.00）。我们未发现这3种处理方法在预防脐部感染、肺炎、腹泻或关节炎方面的有效性存在差异。
